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Background: Preeclampsia is thought to be a low-grade inflammatory condition with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Humanin is suggested to give protection against the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis through the inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress. Objective: To evaluate the role of serum Humanin in the diagnosis and prediction of severity of preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital / Baghdad, Iraq during a period from the 1st of July 2017 till the 1st of July 2018. It included 45 pregnant women diagnosed as preeclamptic (case group) and 45 women with uncomplicated pregnancy who were selected after matching for age and gestational age of another one in the case group (Control group). All the participants were submitted to blood sampling for biochemical/hormonal assays {urea, creatinine, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminse (SGPT), uric acid, platelets, urinary protein, Humanin). Results: There was no significant difference (P value = 0.05) between women with preeclampsia and control regarding their age, body mass index, and gestational age. 57.8% of case group diagnosed as severe preeclampsia. The mean of serum Humanin concentration was significantly higher among women with preeclampsia than that in control group (473.1 versus 298.6 pg/ml P value 0.001); also it was significantly higher among women with severe preeclampsia than that in women with mild to moderate preeclampsia (491.6 versus 454.6 pg/ml, P value 0.001). Conclusion:Maternal serum Humanin was significantly higher in preeclamptic pregnant women than women with uncomplicated pregnancy. Maternal serum Humanin was significantly higher in pregnant women with sever preeclampsia than those with mild to moderate preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]