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Copyright of Polish Otorhinolaryngological Review / Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny (Index Copernicus) is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Pneumatizaton of Middle Turbinate (MT) is one of the common anatomical variations of the Nasal cavity named Concha Bullosa. It may be presented with facial pain or headache. There are several surgical techniques to treat Concha Bullosa. Aim of the study: This is to evaluate the improvement of Rhino-genic headache after endoscopic Concha Bullosa surgery in adult patients. Patients and methods: A prospective comparative study was designed in the Department of Otolaryngology at Al- Jerahat Teaching Hospital in Medical City and private hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from March 2019 to August 2020. Forty patients suffering from headaches of Rhino-genic origin of more than six months duration were enrolled in the current study. Nasal examination by zero-degree endoscope revealed unilateral or bilateral MT enlargement with mucosal contact points to the Osteo-Meatal Complex or the Nasal Septum. All the patients had Nasal and Para-Nasal sinuses CT scan and xylocaine-xylometazoline test. The Forty patients were allocated into two groups, group A patients treated by Partial Lateral Middle Turbinectomy (PLMT). The 20 patients in group B had been subjected to Middle Turbinate Transverse Excision (MTTE). Patients followed-up every week in the first month and then every two weeks for the next two months. The headache assessment was achieved preoperatively using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and at the third postoperative month. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test to compare the VAS scores in group A patients at the third postoperative month to group B patients, and P-value was calculated. Results: Fifty percent of the patients treated by PLMT became free of headache, 35% had a mild headache, and 15% moderate. In contrast, 85%of the patients subjected to MTTE became headache-free, and 15% still with mild headache (P value= 0.031). Conclusions: MTTE is a better option than PLMT in relieving headaches due to contact between Concha Bullosa and Osteo-Meatal Complex or Nasal Septum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the impact of banking risk on electronic banking services in the Rafidain Bank and the Baghdad Bank. The study adopted the field survey method as a method of data collection and analysis. The sample included managers, their assistants, and the heads of departments who are at the decision-making site who were chosen intentionally, consisting of 43 people, including 25 from the Rafidain Bank and 18 from the Bank of Baghdad. A questionnaire was distributed to measure the study variables. The results show a significant impact of credit risk and liquidity risk on usability, benefits and cost reduction. Therefore, it is necessary to put in place mechanisms by the banks in question to help reduce risks, as these risks are the cause of many banking crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriyah Journal for Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)