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Background: Erythema induratum of Bazin is a rare manifestation of cutaneous tuberculosis. It may mimic some systemic disorders like sarcoidosis, poly arteritis nodosa, lymphoproliferative disorder, Histoplasmosis, and lupus profundus. Case Presentation: A 38-year young female, diabetic, and hypertensive presented with multiple painful skin lesion over anterior part of her leg for 3 months. These skin lesion used to appear as painful erythematous nodules of variable size and shape over the anterior and lateral aspects of both legs that became ulcerate, healed with hyperpigmentation. On examinations, all of her systemic examinations revealed unremarkable except skin lesion. Punch biopsy from skin lesion revealed lobular panniculitis with granuloma suggestive of erythema induratum and MTB gene Xpert from skin lesion found positive. Thereafter, she was put on anti TB therapy six-month regimens according to the national TB guideline, Bangladesh. After 2 and half months of treatment, her skin lesion disappeared. Conclusion: In a TB prevalent country, erythema induratum should be kept in differential diagnosis along with others. As it is usually underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed because of the absence of typical clinical features of TB, therefore comprehensive investigations like skin biopsy with histopathology, detecting DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR, positive Mantoux test are the cornerstone for confirmatory diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) syndrome includes persistence of symptoms beyond viral clearance and fresh development of symptoms or exaggeration of chronic diseases within a month after initial clinical and virological cure of the disease with a viral etiology. We aimed to determine the incidence, association, and risk factors associated with development of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at Dhaka Medical College Hospital between June 01, 2020 and August 10, 2020. All the enrolled patients were followed up for a month after clinical improvement, which was defined according the World Health Organization and Bangladesh guidelines as normal body temperature for successive 3 days, significant improvement in respiratory symptoms (respiratory rate <25/breath/minute with no dyspnea), and oxygen saturation >93% without assisted oxygen inhalation. Findings: Among the 400 recruited patients, 355 patients were analyzed. In total, 46% patients developed post-COVID-19 symptoms, with post-viral fatigue being the most prevalent symptom in 70% cases. The post-COVID-19 syndrome was associated with female gender (relative risk [RR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.48, p = 0.03), those who required a prolonged time for clinical improvement (p<0.001), and those showing COVID-19 positivity after 14 days (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00–1.19, p<0.001) of initial positivity. Patients with severe COVID-19 at presentation developed post-COVID-19 syndrome (p = 0.02). Patients with fever (RR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.05–2.27, p = 0.03), cough (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81, p = 0.04), respiratory distress (RR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.4–1.56, p = 0.001), and lethargy (RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.06–1.35, p = 0.003) as the presenting features were associated with the development of the more susceptible to develop post COVID-19 syndrome than the others. Logistic regression analysis revealed female sex, respiratory distress, lethargy, and long duration of the disease as risk factors. Conclusion: Female sex, respiratory distress, lethargy, and long disease duration are critical risk factors for the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, studies have shown conflicting results regarding the association of blood groups with SARS CoV-2 infection. Objective: To observe the association between ABO blood groups and the presentation and outcomes of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Design, setting, and participants: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with mild-to-moderately severe COVID-19 infections who presented in the COVID-19 unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and were enrolled between 01 June and 25 August, 2020. Patients were followed up for at least 30 days after disease onset. We grouped participants with A-positive and A-negative blood groups into group I and participants with other blood groups into group II. Results: The cohort included 438 patients; 52 patients were lost to follow-up, five died, and 381 completed the study. The prevalence of blood group A [144 (32.9%)] was significantly higher among COVID-19 patients than in the general population (p < 0.001). The presenting age [mean (SD)] of group I [42.1 (14.5)] was higher than that of group II [38.8 (12.4), p = 0.014]. Sex (p = 0.23) and co-morbidity (hypertension, p = 0.34; diabetes, p = 0.13) did not differ between the patients in groups I and II. No differences were observed regarding important presenting symptoms, including fever (p = 0.72), cough (p = 0.69), and respiratory distress (p = 0.09). There was no significant difference in the median duration of symptoms in the two group (12 days), and conversion to the next level of severity was observed in 26 (20.6%) and 36 patients (13.8%) in group I and II, respectively. However, persistent positivity of RT-PCR at 14 days of initial positivity was more frequent among the patients in group I [24 (19%)] than among those in group II [29 (11.1%)]. Conclusions: The prevalence of blood group A was higher among COVID-19 patients. Although ABO blood groups were not associated with the presentation or recovery period of COVID-19, patients with blood group A had delayed seroconversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in clinical practice both in developed and developing countries. The causative agents of Urinary tract infection vary from place to place and they also vary in their susceptibility and resistance patterns. This descriptive study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from routine laboratory specimens at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. A descriptive cross- sectional study was done from January 2018 to June 2018. A total of 100 mid-stream urine samples from the suspected UTI patients were tested microbiologically and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed for the isolated pathogens using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with positivity rate of UTI was 90% (90/100). Escherichia coli (39%) was the most UTI causing bacteria followed by Klebsiella 18(18%), Acinetobacter 12(12%), Staphylococci, 9 (9%), Pseudomonas 6 (6%), Enterococcus species 3 (3%) and Proteus 3 (3%). Female 83 (83%) were more affected in comparison with male. Adult female especially age range 18-30 years were found in high risk. Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin and Meropenem were recorded as most sensitive antibiogram for most of the bacteria's whereas cephalosporin showed increased resistance. However, for uncomplicated community acquired UTI, Nitrofurantoin (oral) and Amikacin (Injectable) can be chosen as first line medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality around the world though there is huge development regarding its treatment. Many studies showed that functional health literacy has a great impact on diabetes outcome. The study assessed the relationship between functional health literacy and glycemic control in a sample of urban diabetic patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bangladesh University of Health and Science Hospital, Jurain, Dhaka from January to December 2014 that included adult diabetic patients on the basis of defined selection criteria following the purposive sampling method. Functional health literacy was assessed with the short form Test of the Functional Health Literacy in Adults (s-TOFLA). Recent HbA1c was used as a measure of glycemic control and categorized into tight, fair and inadequate glycemic control. Regression models were controlled for demographic data, diabetes duration, treatment regimen, diabetes knowledge and assistance for taking medications. Results: Following the s-TOFLA scale, 60.5% of the diabetic patients had inadequate functional health literacy of them, 89.3% had inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c>8%). And those who had adequate functional health literacy (24%) of them 68.8% had tight glycemic control (HbA1c ≤7%). Overall 63.0% of the respondents had inadequate glycemic control. In linear regression model low s-TOFLA scores, longer diabetes duration and lack of assistance for taking medications were associated with higher levels of HbA1c. In fully adjusted model s-TOFLA score was the variable which was more strongly associated with HbA1c (b = -0.60, P<0.001). Conclusions: The study found that low health literacy is consistently associated with inadequate glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wearing masks or personal protective equipment (PPE) has become an integral part of the occupational life of physicians due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Most physicians have been developing various health hazards related to the use of different protective gears. This study aimed to determine the burden and spectrum of various health hazards associated with using masks or PPE and their associated risk factors., Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka Medical College from March 01-May 30, 2021, among physicians from different public hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We analyzed the responses of 506 physicians who completed case record forms through Google forms or hard copies., Findings: The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 35.4 [7.7], and 69.4% were men. Approximately 40% were using full PPE, and 55% were using N-95 masks. A total of 489 (96.6%) patients experienced at least one health hazard. The reported severe health hazards were syncope, severe dyspnea, severe chest pain, and anaphylaxis. Headache, dizziness, mood irritation, chest pain, excessive sweating, panic attack, and permanent facial disfigurement were the minor health hazards reported. Extended periods of work in the COVID-19-unit, reuse of masks, diabetes, obesity, and mental stress were risk factors for dyspnea. The risk factors for headaches were female sex, diabetes, and previous primary headaches. Furthermore, female sex and reusing masks for an extended period (> 6 h) were risk factors for facial disfigurement. The risk factors for excessive sweating were female sex and additional evening office practice for an extended period., Conclusions: Healthcare workers experienced several occupational hazards after using masks and PPE. Therefore, an appropriate policy is required to reduce such risks., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.