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Aims: We aimed to evaluate the readiness and predictors of diabetes service capability at the level of primary care in Bangladesh as an illustrative instance of readiness for diabetes care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Methods: We used data from the 2014 Bangladesh Health Facility Survey (BHFS), a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey (n = 1596 health facilities). We constructed a diabetes-specific readiness index to assess diabetes service readiness in facilities with outpatient capability and used multivariable regression analysis to evaluate contextual predictors of diabetes service readiness.Results: Three-hundred and forty-five facilities with outpatient and diabetes service capability were included. Mean readiness for diabetes service capability on a scale of 0-100 was 24.9 (95%CI: 20.8-28.9) and was lowest in rural settings, districts with high social deprivation, and public facilities, where diabetes diagnostic equipment and medications were largely unavailable. Facility type was the strongest, independent predictor of diabetes service readiness.Conclusions: Diabetes service readiness in outpatient facilities in Bangladesh was low, particularly in public facilities, rural settings, and districts with high social deprivation. .These findings could inform policies aimed at improving diabetes care in areas of high unmet need and may serve as a model to assess diabetes service readiness in other LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]