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Background: This study aimed to describe some of the characteristics of the inhabitants of Beijing with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who had received treatment at the Stomatology Hospital of Peking University and to analyze the survival rate and the prognostic factors of patients following surgical treatment., Methods: Data for 603 consecutive cases with primary OSCC between 2004 and 2013 were obtained from the Stomatology Hospital of Peking University. Clinical data including age, sex, living district, primary tumor site, TNM stage, history of drinking and smoking, pathological differentiation, treatment, and survival were retrospectively analyzed., Results: The male:female ratio was 1.1:1. The frequency of site involvement in descending order was tongue (34.3%), gingiva (25.0%), buccal mucosa (13.8%), oral floor (9.0%), oropharynx (8.5%), lip (6.3%) and palate (3.2%). Female OSCC patients tended to be significantly older than men with OSCC (P < 0.05). The percentage of patients with TNM stage III-IV OSCC was 52.4%. The results revealed that 65.3% of male patients and only 6.3% of female patients smoked or drank. The overall 5-year survival rate was 64%. Female patients had a worse prognosis than male patients. Among the patients who received surgery, tumor size and lymph node involvement were independent prognostic factors. Smoking and drinking were not prognostic factors., Conclusion: Among the Beijing inhabitants who were diagnosed with OSCC and treated in our hospital in the past 10 years, more than half were in the advanced stage, and the cancer stage was the main prognostic factor of oral cancer. Therefore, the recognition of oral cancer should be strengthened, and early detection and treatment of OSCC should be achieved to improve the survival rate. more...