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Background: Triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) was related with both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN). Prospective studies linking the TyG index to the incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity remain unclear. This study aimed to to explore the longitudinal association between TyG and new-onset T2DM with HTN. Methods: 4,434 subjects (1249 males and 3185 females) without initial T2DM and HTN were followed up for 7 years. This study was conducted from November 2011 to August 2018 in the Gucheng, Laoshan and Jinding communities of Beijing. The incidence of T2DM with HTN during the 7-year follow-up was identified as the endpoint. The TyG index was divided into four quartiles: the < 25% level, the 25–50% level, the 50–75% level and the ≥ 75% level. The relationships between the TyG index and T2DM with HTN were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: During 7 years, the augmented trend of T2DM with HTN was observed in the participants. After adjusting for all confounding factors, compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index, the population in the highest quartile of TyG index had a higher risk of T2DM with HTN (hazard ratio (HR), 2.878; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.230–6.731, P = 0.015), however, the association remained significant only in the female population (HR 2.753, 95% CI, 1.061–7.139, p = 0.037). The TyG had superior predictive ability of increased risk of T2DM with HTN for the populations of older age (≥ 65 years) (HR 2.694, 95% CI 1.212–5.989, p = 0.015), higher eGFR (≥ 90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)) (HR 2.603, 95% CI 1.164–5.818, p = 0.020) or obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) (HR 2.547, 95% CI 1.001–6.478, p = 0.020). Conclusion: A population with a higher TyG index level was more likely to have an enhanced incidence of T2DM and HTN comorbidity. TyG index could have the significance of clinical in early protection against T2DM with HTN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cushing's disease (CD) is one of the most severe endocrine disorders and primarily affects women of reproductive age. The peripartum period has been observed to be a common time to develop CD. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of CD potentially associated with pregnancy and to evaluate relevant pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery from January 2010 to May 2019 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) with biochemically and pathologically confirmed CD were retrospectively analyzed. Pregnancy-associated CD was defined as CD onset during gestation or within 12 months after delivery or abortion. Data including demographics, biochemical tests, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and disease outcomes were obtained from all patients by reviewing their medical records. Information regarding pregnancy was collected through a supplementary online questionnaire. Results: In a series of female patients (n = 70) of reproductive age with childbearing desire, 27.1% (n = 19) met the criteria for pregnancy-associated CD. The timing of diagnosis of pregnancy-associated CD was 2.7 ± 3.4 years after symptom onset, and the overall remission rate for these women was 89.5%. Three patients with pregnancy-associated CD developed hypertension during pregnancy, two of whom had new-onset hypertension at 16 weeks of gestation and one of whom had a complication of severe diabetes. The rates of spontaneous abortion and preterm birth among the women with pregnancy-associated CD were 26.3 and 28.6%, respectively. The proportions of all low-birth-weight (LBW) newborns (p = 0.002) and term LBW newborns (p = 0.033) were significantly higher in the pregnancy-associated CD group than in the non-pregnancy-associated CD group. Conclusions: In this study, a total of 27.1% of women of reproductive age with CD had pregnancy-associated CD, which might be induced by the hormonal milieu of pregnancy. An increased risk of having a LBW newborn was observed among mothers with pregnancy-associated CD. A high degree of clinical suspicion for CD may be warranted in the peripartum period. Patients with symptoms suspicious for CD throughout pregnancy and after childbirth, such as early-onset hypertension, severe hyperglycemia, and persistent weight gain, should be carefully diagnosed and closely monitored by clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric aldehydes have the important impacts on human health and air pollutions, however, their surface concentrations are never captured due to the sparse monitoring works and need to be studied. Here, we tried to map the aldehyde pollutions over Beijing in summer of recent years, via monitoring their levels in one urban site, simulating their chemical formations based on box chemical model, and developing their prediction formulae by using CO and O 3 as explanatory variables based on statistical technique. Our monitoring showed that HCHO and CH 3 CHO were the dominant components respectively at the level of 4.5–27.2 and 0.9–10.78 ppb, and explained 86.9% of total aldehydes detected. Their mixing ratios to CO were higher by a factor of 2.5–4.0 than the corresponding emission ratios from combustion sources, which implied a big contribution of photochemistry to secondary aldehyde formation. Hence, we used box model coupled with MCM to simulate the evolutions of HCHO, CH 3 CHO and O 3 from the emission plumes of this city, and found the production ratio of 0.14 for HCHO:O 3 and 0.07 for CH 3 CHO:O 3 on daytime average. Afterwards, we developed the prediction formulae separately for the two aldehydes based on multiple linear regression by using CO and O 3 as explanatory variables, and obtained the regression coefficients of ∼0.15 (HCHO) and ∼ 0.04 (CH 3 CHO) with O 3 , which were well consistent with the corresponding simulated ratios by box model. Thus, these prediction formulae were applied to map the spatiotemporal concentrations of the two aldehydes in summer over this city, combining CO and O 3 monitoring data. In result, the area means of HCHO and CH 3 CHO over Beijing (except north rural areas) reached 11.8 and 3.6 ppb in 2021 summer, decreasing by 11.9% and 9.3% relative to 2019 respectively; and their spatial difference became smaller apparently within three years. Such spatiotemporal variations were approved by HCHO satellite observations. Overall, the aldehyde pollutions in this city are still severe and deserve more studies in future. [Display omitted] • Atmospheric aldehydes (RCHO) in 2021 summer were measured at one site of Beijing. • The evolutions of RCHO from photochemical processes in Beijing were simulated. • CO and O3 were used as explanatory variables to predict RCHO by linear regression. • The simulated RCHO:O3 ratios agreed well with the regression coefficients. • The regression formulae were applied to map RCHO over Beijing within 2019–2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study mainly developed an estimate method for photochemical ozone (O 3) production from urban plumes in hot season, through simulating O 3 evolution from precursors locally emitted and determining the real-field O 3 increment reactivity (IR) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on the box chemical model. Our simulation on June-2019 indicated that Beijing local emissions produced O 3 at the rate of 0.7–9.2 ppb/h and led to an O 3 increase of 48.9 ppb during 05:00–18:00, accounting for 68.3% of the observed O 3 increase. The maximum level and production rate of simulated O 3 showed a linear response to VOCs, therefore we can use VOCs levels in urban plumes to quantify O 3 formation in summer. The IR (g O 3 formed per g VOCs) was calculated on the actual precursor and meteorology condition of this megacity, 0.12–4.90 g/g for individual VOCs and 1.49 g/g for comprehensive TVOCs. The weighted average of individual IRs agreed well with that of TVOCs, but these IRs were 34.5% of MIR values that were widely used in references. It's noteworthy that these IRs had greater sensitivity to precursor levels, and broadly remained stable under the fixed VOCs:NOx. Considering the synchronous reductions of precursors in Beijing, we applied these IRs to quantify chemical O 3 evolution from Beijing local emissions in summer of recent years, declining from 63.5 ppb in 2016 to 44.0 ppb in 2020 for June. The contributions of the diagnosed chemical O 3 to Beijing O 3 better matched with the atmospheric transport paths on daily basis, higher than 100% when the transport paths starting from the clean neighbor cities, but lower to 45%–66% when the transport paths originating from the highly-polluted neighbor cities. This consistence indicated the reliability of our IR calculation method for quickly estimating chemical O 3 production of urban plumes in summer. [Display omitted] • Chemical O3 evolution of Beijing urban plumes in summer was simulated. • O3 increment reactivity (IR) of VOCs on Beijing-summer condition was calculated. • Chemical O3 production in summer was estimated via IRs within 2016–2020. • The contribution of local chemistry to O3 levels declined in recent years. • The heavier the O3 pollution was, the smaller contribution the local chemistry gave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a border surveillance system with integrated surveillance technologies is a crucial security strategy for Olympic venues. Although the previous Olympic Games have a long history of using surveillance technologies, there are perennial challenges in terms of false alarms, energy consumption, and labor and capital costs. In this paper, an IoT-based multi-agent intelligent border surveillance method with less cost is proposed. Following a two-level autonomous mechanism, the method assures agent-level self-patrolling by distributed nodes and system-level multi-agent surveillance task coordination by the central server. The core entity of each distributed node is the IoT-based SmartGM, an autonomous surveillance tower integrating multi-modal surveillance devices. Finally, based on intelligent visual reasoning algorithms, the proposed activation strategy updates surveillance devices' activation status simultaneously according to global states, ensuring long-term operation. This method has been successfully applied in the ski venue of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]