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Urban Historical Buildings (UHBs) preserve the past and memory of a city. Collecting and managing UHB knowledge efficiently is of vital importance to protect local culture heritages and meet the demands of sustainable development. However, UHB knowledge is commonly hidden in the texts from different sources, making it hard to access and manage by general methods efficiently. Meanwhile, domain agnostic knowledge graphs are challenging to express the rich semantic and multi-hop relationships among UHB knowledge. To address the above problems, we proposed a general framework for the extraction and management of the key knowledge from free texts about urban historical buildings. In this study, we attempted to build an UHB knowledge graph from free texts obtained from Internet. Firstly, we designed the UHB domain ontology to regulate the knowledge of urban historical building. Next, the structured knowledge was extracted from web text with Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies. Finally, we built the UHB knowledge base and developed a Beijing UHB knowledge graph. Furthermore, we demonstrated knowledge retrieval and visualization based on UHB knowledge graph. Our experiment shows that mining UHB knowledge from free text is feasible and important for urban historical building conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Many studies have examined the general public's attitudes towards people with mental illness, but such studies are scarce in China. This study examined the perceptions of the Beijing population regarding their society's prevalent attitudes towards people with mental illness.Methods: A total of 5000 individuals aged 18 or above living in Beijing were selected using a multistage, stratified, cluster and random sampling method. This was followed by a face-to-face interview which used a standardized questionnaire asking about societal attitudes towards individuals with mental illness.Results: 4602 out of 5000 eligible individuals met the inclusion criteria and participated in the interview. 4596 questionnaires were deemed valid and included in the analyses. A large proportion of respondents believed that most individuals within their society held negative attitudes and had a strong desire to distance themselves from people with mental illness. Respondents aged 60 or older, who lived farther to downtown Beijing, or with higher education tended to believe that most individuals have relatively positive and tolerant attitudes towards people with mental illness.Conclusions: Many people in Beijing perceive that most members of their society have negative beliefs towards people with mental illness. Further efforts are needed to determine if these perceptions are accurate and to reduce the stigma that is reinforced by these perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The sensory characteristics that determined consumer preference of seven imported cheeses were investigated. Descriptive sensory analysis was performed by seven trained panelists who used 24 descriptors to quantitatively describe the sensory characteristics of these cheeses. Principal component analysis of descriptive data found significant differences between the cheeses (P <0.05) on the first three principal components which accounted for 44%, 29% and 11% of the experimental variance, respectively. In parallel, the preference of 217 Beijing youth on these cheeses was expressed on a nine-point hedonic scale. Cluster analysis of the preference data identified five consumer clusters with different preferences and demonstrated that there existed a potential market for each of these cheeses. External preference mapping indicated a relative homogenous preference of Beijing youth for cheese flavor. “Soured milk”, “sour” and “milky” flavors and “rate of breakdown”, “slimy” and “moist” textures appeared to be drivers of liking for most Chinese youth, whereas “bitter”, “salty”, “umami” and “free fatty acid” flavors and “firmness” texture were drivers of disliking. In addition, “nutty” as a typical aged flavor in cheese was desirable to some consumer cluster and could be cultivated among Chinese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]