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Knowledge on basic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is helpful to understand the disease epidemiology and support the prediction of clinical outcome of the disease. The aim of this study was to detect the genotypes and genotypic characters of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from new and retreatment rifampicin-resistant patients using three different genotyping methods. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing was used to determine the diversity of 222 clinical isolates. Spoligotyping and IS 6110- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing were also used to investigate the genetic characters of 105 MTB strains. Among the 15 genotypes detected by MIRU-VNTR, Beijing strains were the most prevalent of all strains (54.8%); new cases (40.5%) and retreatment cases (69.4%), followed by EAI strain. Spoligotyping categorized the strains into 11 lineages and 13 orphans whereas 96 different IS 6110 patterns were identified using RFLP method. The mode number of IS 6110 was 18 and 20. Higher band numbers were found in Beijing genotype (p < 0.001). Clustering rates by spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR and IS 6110- RFLP typing were 0.714, 0.004 and 0.085, respectively. Discriminatory powers of spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR typing and IS 6110- RFLP typing were 0.637, 1.000 and 0.997, respectively. Dominant Beijing genotype in both new and retreatment cases denoting that prevailing tuberculosis in Myanmar changed from EAI to Beijing lineage. • Diverse genotype in Myanmar with dominant Beijing type, both new and retreatment cases. • Beijing lineage was the most common in all the regions except Southernmost part. • Most of Myanmar Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains possess high number of IS 6110. • MIRU-VNTR typing is better at discriminating TB strains compared to spoligotypes on Myanmar strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]