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Abstract: With the most recent statistics available, a concrete emissions inventory is compiled for an input–output analysis to investigate the embodied CO2 emissions induced by fossil fuel combustion of Beijing economy in 2007. Results show that the total direct CO2 emissions amount to 9.45E+07t, within which 56.81% are released from coal combustion, 11.50% from coke combustion, 9.03% from kerosene combustion, 8.70% from natural gas and 6.40% from diesel, respectively. The average intensity of secondary industries (3.12t/1E+4 Yuan) is 0.65 times larger than that of primary industries (1.89t/1E+4 Yuan) and 1.58 times larger than that of tertiary industries (1.21t/1E+4 Yuan). The sector of Construction Industry contributes the largest share (21.98%) of CO2 emissions embodied in final demand for Beijing due to its considerable capital investment. Beijing is a net importer of embodied CO2 emissions with total import and export of 3.06E+08 and 2.00E+08t, respectively. Results of this study provide a sound scientific database for effective policy making in Beijing to reduce CO2 emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Particulate matter (PM) adversely affects air quality, human health and the climate, and it is more prevalent in urban areas. Few efforts have been made to quantify the impact of trade on PM concentrations in an urban economy. This paper presents an analysis of the impacts of domestic and international trade on PM emissions in Beijing using a three-scale input–output model, supported by the national and global embodied energy-related PM 2.5 , PM 10 and TSP (total suspended particulate) emission intensities. The results found that the total energy-related PM 2.5 , PM 10 and TSP emissions (production-based) in Beijing were 106 Gg, 163 Gg and 347 Gg, respectively, in 2010. Of these amounts, 48% (51 Gg, 74 Gg and 146 Gg, respectively) was associated with local demand, 42% (44 Gg, 73 Gg and 168 Gg, respectively) was associated with domestic exports, and 10% (11 Gg, 16 Gg and 33 Gg, respectively) was associated with international exports. From a consumption perspective, Beijing’s PM 2.5 , PM 10 and TSP emissions were more than double the production-based PM emissions. Approximately 75% (172 Gg, 311 Gg and 786 Gg, respectively) of the consumption-based PM emissions were domestically outsourced to other provinces, primarily via the import of metal (32 Gg, 58 Gg and 151 Gg), construction (26 Gg, 36 Gg and 91 Gg) and chemical products (16 Gg, 30 Gg and 75 Gg), and 3% (8 Gg, 10 Gg and 24 Gg, respectively) of consumption-based PM emissions were outsourced abroad. Our results indicate that domestic trade plays a dominant role in Beijing’s PM 2.5 emissions. These findings suggest that more national and sub-national government should co-ordinate design and implement effective mechanisms to alleviate urban air pollution because of the significant effects of interprovincial and international trade on local emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent occurrence of thick aerosol haze in Beijing attracts global attention. Based on recent epidemiological findings, black carbon (BC), an important haze component, the value of which is evaluated as an additional indicator of the adverse health effects of airborne particles, comparable to PM 2.5 (Particulate Matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm). This study presents an unprecedentedly detailed sectoral BC emissions inventory of 2005–2012, and conducts what we believe to be the first logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) analysis to identify socioeconomic drivers of BC emissions. It is found that although total energy use increased by 30%, BC emissions in Beijing decreased from 13.3 Gg in 2005 to 11.9 Gg in 2012, a 10% reduction over an 8-year period. Across all industry sectors, the leading emitters in 2005 included ferrous metals (1.6 Gg), non-metallic mineral products (1.2 Gg), and transportation (1.1 Gg), but were replaced by transportation (1.9 Gg), non-metallic mineral products (0.82 Gg) and construction (0.64 Gg) in 2012. As inferred by the LMDI analysis, changes in energy intensity, energy mix and industry structure potentially reduced BC emissions in Beijing during 2005–2012 by 6.3 Gg, 2.8 Gg and 1.1 Gg, respectively, while the growth of per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and population tended to increase industrial BC emissions by 5.6 Gg and 2.6 Gg, respectively. This suggests that efforts toward improving energy and industry structures have reduced BC emissions by 32%. Therefore, further ameliorating the energy and industry structure in conjunction with further enhancing energy-use efficiency could be the most effective way to improve ambient air quality in Beijing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The embodied energy consumption of construction engineering is quantified. [•] The hybrid method as a combination of process and input–output analyses is adopted. [•] Energy consumption accounting procedure for construction engineering is presented. [•] Six buildings in Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, BDA are studied. [•] The first-hand project data with around 1000 input items in the BOQ are adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]