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Backgrounds: Non-suicidal self-injury is a serious health problem among patients with depression or bipolar disorder. However, few studies within the Chinese context have investigated the prevalence of NSSI and its risk factors in above populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury and its risk factors in patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. Methods: The final sample comprised of 394 inpatients(Mage = 29.71; SDage = 11.95) with depression or bipolar disorder from two psychiatric hospitals in Beijing, China. A General Demographic Data Form, the Non-suicidal Self-injury Questionnaire(NSSI-Q), Impulsivity Item and the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire(ACE-IQ) were completed by all patients. Results: Of the 394 patients examined, 245(62.2%) of this sample reported NSSI in past year. Of the 245 patients with NSSI, 135(55.1%) were diagnosed with depression and 110(44.9%) were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most common methods of NSSI for female was "pinching"(23.1%) and "scratching"(22.8%), while for male it was "hiting hard objects"(12.7%). By multivariate regression analysis, young age, unemployment, a higher monthly family income, single, impulsivity, long duration of illness and ACEs were risk factors for NSSI in patients with depression and bipolar disorder(P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study points to the fact that there was an unfortunate message about the prevalence of NSSI among patients with depression or bipolar disorder in China. It is necessary not only to raise the awareness of NSSI in families and society, but also to formulate targeted assessment and intervention. Moreover, future research should not only focus on individuals being hospitalized, but should be representative of individuals treated at home or in the community because there are no national statistics on NSSI among such patients in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the dynamic changes in posttraumatic growth (PTG) and psychological distress in hospitalized early-stage breast cancer (BC) survivors over a 6-month period. Methods A longitudinal study design was adopted. The PTG inventory (PTGI) and distress management screening measure were used 3 months after diagnosis, then again at 6 and 9 months after diagnosis. For baseline data, 155 BC patients who were receiving chemotherapy were selected from four first-class tertiary hospitals in Beijing from April 2010 to March 2011 using a purposive sampling method. Of these, 120 BC patients completed the follow-up investigation. A repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by least significant difference post-hoc analysis, was used to compare PTG and psychological distress. Results The total score of the PTGI was 62.72 ± 14.66 in BC survivors at 3 months after diagnosis. There was a weak negative relationship between PTG and psychological distress ( r = -0.282, p < 0.001). PTG increased and psychological distress decreased from 3 to 9 months after diagnosis. The PTGI scores were 63.24 ± 14.21, 68.26 ± 15.29, and 70.29 ± 16.07 at 3, 6, and 9 months after diagnosis, respectively, with distress thermometer scores of 3.62 ± 1.98, 2.59 ± 2.00, and 2.51 ± 1.00, respectively. Conclusions At 3 months after diagnosis, BC survivors develop PTG at a low level while they are receiving chemotherapy. PTG showed a weak negative association with psychological distress. The level of PTG shows an increasing tendency, whereas the degree of psychological distress exhibits a downward trend in the 9 months after diagnosis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multiple satellite missions are used to monitor water storage components in the NCP. • Sentinel-3 altimetry and spectral/SAR imagery are used to monitor surface water storage. • South-to-North Water Diversion project has a significant impact on regional water storage dynamics. Natural conditions of surface water bodies and groundwater aquifers in the North China Plain (NCP) have been altered to meet the ever-growing human water demands. Several water resources management measures have been implemented in recent decades to alleviate groundwater depletion, maintain ecological resilience, and sustain agricultural production. This study aims to investigate their impacts on land water storage, and thus obtain a picture of the spatio-temporal variation of water resources over the NCP. Based on multi-mission earth observation datasets, i.e., altimetry (Sentinel-3), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and spectral imagery (Sentinel-1/2), gravimetry (GRACE/-FO), and microwave sensors (IMERG), as well as reanalysis datasets, we investigate surface water storage (SWS), soil moisture water storage (SMS), and total water storage (TWS) changes. Groundwater storage (GWS) change is subsequently estimated as the residual of the total storage equation. Results show that TWS declined significantly over the past decades (−1.04 ± 0.05 cm/yr in 2004 to 2020), while SMS rebounded after a decreasing trend from 2004 to 2014. The spatial pattern of TWS variations depicts a particularly severe depletion along provincial boundaries. The SWS dynamics reveal that the volumes of three major NCP reservoirs (Guanting, Miyun, and Danjiangkou) increased significantly since around 2014 when the operation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route project (SNWDP-MR) started. Moreover, GWS maintained a depletion rate of −1.05 ± 0.08 cm/yr during 2004–2014 over the whole NCP, while the depletion rate accelerated during 2015–2020 (−1.88 ± 0.38 cm/yr). We also found that the GWS depletion in Beijing (−1.20 ± 0.10 cm/yr during 2004–2014 and −0.79 ± 0.44 cm/yr during 2015–2020) and its surrounding areas has been lowered possibly because of the SNWDP-MR. This study shows how multi-mission satellite earth observation products can be combined to monitor water resources at a regional scale and provide spatio-temporally resolved estimates of the impacts of human-induced changes in the inland water cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric particulate matters have a crucial impact on climate change, visibility and human health. In this study, a detailed characteristic of summertime PM 1 was real-time measured in south suburb of Beijing from 16th August to 16th September 2018. Averaged PM 1 concentration of 24.1 ± 18.0 μg m−3 was observed, consisting of OM (50.8%), SO 4 2− (16.0%), BC (13.2%), NO 3 − (10.2%), NH 4 + (9.2%), and Cl− (0.6%). There was an accumulation mode with a peak diameter of ∼500 nm for all the species (except BC), and OM was additionally characterized by a smaller mode of <100 nm. Elemental analysis of OM showed that the diurnal variations of H/C, O/C, N/C, and S/C were correlated to the photochemical and aqueous-phase process. Four organic factors including one hydrocarbon-like (HOA) and three oxygenated (LO-OOA, SV-OOA and MO-OOA) organic aerosol factors were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. The contributions of these factors varied with PM 1 concentration and their average values were 31%, 30%, 14%, and 25%, respectively. Contribution of HOA was RH-independent but decreased with the increasing PM 1 concentration, while OOA factors were a combined result of RH and O x (=O 3 +NO 2), revealing the important role of photochemical and aqueous-phase process in OA evolution. The contribution of SV-OOA with the highest S/C increased significantly with RH, indicating a certain number of S-containing organics. Our results also showed that secondary OA was the dominant species, as well as increased with the pollution level, implicating VOCs and NO x should be controlled to relieve the secondary OA pollution. • Characteristic of summertime PM 1 was real-time measured in suburb of Beijing, 2018. • Elemental analysis and PMF analysis of OA were resolved to expound its evolution. • Role of RH and photochemical process in the evolution of PM 1 species was revealed. • Contribution of secondary OA increased as the pollution level during summertime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of color-coated steel sheet (CCSS) roof buildings in the external environment is of great significance for the operational security of high-speed rail systems. While high-resolution remote sensing images offer an efficient approach to identify CCSS roof buildings, achieving accurate extraction is challenging due to the complex background in remote sensing images and the extensive scale range of CCSS roof buildings. This research introduces the deformation-aware feature enhancement and alignment network (DFEANet) to address these challenges. DFEANet adaptively adjusts the receptive field to effectively separate the foreground and background facilitated by the deformation-aware feature enhancement module (DFEM). Additionally, feature alignment and gated fusion module (FAGM) is proposed to refine boundaries and preserve structural details, which can ameliorate the misalignment between adjacent features and suppress redundant information during the fusion process. Experimental results on remote sensing images along the Beijing–Zhangjiakou high-speed railway demonstrate the effectiveness of DFEANet. Ablation studies further underscore the enhancement in extraction accuracy due to the proposed modules. Overall, the DFEANet was verified as capable of assisting in the external environment security of high-speed rails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate prediction of short-term passenger flow is of high importance to efficiently manage the passenger flow of metro systems and adjust timetable accordingly. However, the existing methods of passenger flow prediction cannot achieve adequate accurate results due to its complex nonlinear spatiotemporal characteristics. To improve the accuracy of short-term passenger flow prediction, this paper proposes a deep learning model based on a spatiotemporal framework. Firstly, the graph convolutional network, which incorporates prior domain knowledge (such as travel time and origin–destination demand), is used to extract spatial features of passenger flow. Secondly, the attention mechanism is integrated into the gated recurrent unit to extract the time correlation of passenger flow. Finally, external factors are introduced to capture their impact on passenger flow as well. A case study of the Beijing Subway system is illustrated to verify the performance of the proposed model. The results show that compared with the existing models, the proposed model achieves the highest prediction accuracy and strong robustness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the adjacency matrix based on travel time outperforms the one based on OD demand, especially during evening peak hours. In addition, it is also verified that the attention mechanism and external factors can improve the prediction performance of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban mobility pattern recognition has great potential in revealing human travel mechanism, discovering passenger travel purpose, and predicting and managing traffic demand. This paper aims to propose a data-driven method to identify metro passenger mobility patterns based on Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data and geo-based data. First, Point of Information (POI) data within 500 meters of the metro stations are captured to characterize the spatial attributes of the stations. Especially, a fusion method of multisource geo-based data is proposed to convert raw POI data into weighted POI data considering service capabilities. Second, an unsupervised learning framework based on stacked auto-encoder (SAE) is designed to embed the spatiotemporal information of trips into low-dimensional dense trip vectors. In detail, the embedded spatiotemporal information includes spatial features (POI categories around the origin station and that around the destination station) and temporal features (start time, day of the week, and travel time). Third, a density-based clustering algorithm is introduced to identify passenger mobility patterns based on the embedded dense trip vectors. Finally, a case of Beijing metro network is used to verify the feasibility of the above methodology. The results show that the proposed method performs well in recognizing mobility patterns and outperforms the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Observational studies suggest that the risk of cardiovascular disease increases during menopause; however, the menopause-related risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is unclear. The aim of the current study is to evaluate menopause and the risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis through a retrospective analysis of data from a population-based prospective cohort study.Study Design: The study sample comprised 879 women in the Beijing community enrolled in the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study at baseline study in 1992 and followed up to at least one carotid ultrasound examination at three on-site follow-up surveys. Age at menopause was categorized as <40 years (premature menopause), 40-44 years (early menopause), 45-49 years (relatively early menopause), 50-51 years (reference), and >51 years (relatively late menopause). Menopause staging at baseline was categorized as: reproductive, menopausal transition/perimenopause, early postmenopause, and late postmenopause. Menopause as a time-varying covariate was calculated using waiting time to menopause and menopause status at the last follow-up (2012).Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures included carotid plaque and intima-media thickening. Gray's test was performed to assess the equality of cumulative incidence functions between age groups at menopause and between menopause stages. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with menopause.Results: Of the 879 women included (mean [SD] age at baseline, 48.6 [8.1] years), 573 (65.2%) developed carotid plaques and 430 (48.9%) developed intima-media thickening during follow-up. Menopause was significantly associated with risk of developing carotid plaques (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.05-3.54; P = 0.03) after adjustment for age at baseline, age at menopause, use of oral estrogen due to menopause, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors at baseline. No significant association was found between age at menopause and risk of carotid atherosclerosis.Conclusion: Menopausal women, irrespective of age at menopause, had an increased risk of carotid plaque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At 8:40 p.m. (Beijing time) on July 23, 2019, a large landslide occurred at Jichang, a village in Shuicheng, Guizhou Province, China, resulting in 42 deaths, 9 missing people, and 21 buildings buried. Field investigation and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography allow us to characterize this slope failure and analyze its process and causes. Initially, the materials detached from the mountainside and slid over from the slope. Then, the sliding materials partly accumulated in the middle and upper parts of the slope which were blocked by a convex terrain. The rest turned into a high-speed debris flow, divided by the stable block, and descended along two existing gullies at high velocity, and finally decelerating and accumulating. Based on the high-resolution post-sliding DEM data, the original topography of the study area was reconstructed to estimate the volume of the landslide that was about 1,500,000 m3. Based on a first-order evaluation of the landslide kinematics, the whole sliding process of this event lasted about 60 s, the maximum speed was about 25 m/s, and the average speed was 16.6 m/s, indicating a typical high-speed long-runout debris flow. Analysis suggests that continuous heavy rainfall was the dominant factor to trigger this landslide, and the loose weathered regolith and special local topography were the basic intrinsic factors for this event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To collect health information of Beijing middle-aged registered nurses during menopause. Methods: We distributed self-administered questionnaires to 2100 registered nurses aged 40–55 from 20 hospitals in Beijing. The objects of interest were selected by cluster sampling. Results: A total of 1686 questionnaires met the criteria and were used for statistical analysis. The average natural menopause age was 48.68±3.61 years old. We determined that 37.83% of the objects had modified Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI) scores ≥15. The top three menopause symptoms were fatigue (82.72%), irritability (70.24%), and arthralgia/myalgia (69.55%); hot flashes ranked eleventh (30.83%). Conclusions: A total of 37.83% Beijing middle-aged registered nurses had menopause syndrome, and the top three symptoms were fatigue, irritability, and arthralgia/myalgia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical features of GDM in China and the effects of RBP4 genetic variants, and also to identify RBP4 expression changes in mRNA and protein levels. Research design and methods: 1595 Chinese pregnant women were included in this study. Four known RBP4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 505 cases and 687 controls. Expression levels of adipose specific RBP4 mRNA and protein were detected in 41 samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results: The estimated indices of insulin resistance were gradually increased from NGT, GIGT to GDM. Two single SNPs were associated with GDM (rs3758539 G vs A, OR=1.446, P =0.009; rs3758539 GG vs AG+AA, OR=1.532, P =0.006; rs12265684C vs G, OR=1.296, P =0.038) and a haplotype of 3 common SNPs [G-G-T] was increased in subjects with GDM and GIGT (OR=1.322, 95% CI 1.054–1.659, P =0.016). RBP4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue of GDM patients was significantly increased in comparison to control subjects (1.438±0.187 vs 1.034±0.062, p =0.025). Conclusion: This finding suggests that impaired insulin sensitivity has an early onset in mild gestational intolerance. Two single SNPs were associated with GDM in the case-control study while a haplotype of 3 common SNPs [G-G-T] was increased in glucose intolerance subjects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are among the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. However, the differential roles of the three HRV species HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C in pediatric CAP are not fully understood. Objective: To determine the distribution of HRV species and their roles in children hospitalized with CAP in Beijing, China. Study design: Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected between April 2007 and March 2008 from 554 children with a primary diagnosis of CAP. HRVs in the clinical samples were detected by RT-PCR and by sequencing. Infections with other respiratory viruses were identified by PCR. Results: HRVs were detected in 99 patients (17.87%). Among these patients, 51.52% tested positive for HRV-A, 38.38% for HRV-C, and 10.10% for HRV-B. HRVs were detected throughout the study period. The monthly distribution of HRV infections varied with HRV species. Median age, gender, symptoms, severity, and duration of hospitalization for single HRV-C infections were similar to those observed for single HRV-A infections. Co-infections with other respiratory viruses were detected in 57.58% of the HRV-positive children. HRV/RSV dual infections were correlated with a higher frequency of shortness of breath (HRV-A group, P 2tail =0.01; HRV-C group, P 2tail =0.015) and lower median ages (HRV-A group, P 2tail =0.049; HRV-C group, P 2tail =0.009). Conclusion: Our study shows that HRV-C strains circulate at a prevalence intermediate between HRV-A and HRV-B. The severity of clinical manifestations for HRV-C is comparable to that for HRV-A in children with CAP. These findings point to an important role of both HRV-A and HRV-C in pediatric CAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Vertical and temporal distributions of water-soluble, sea salt, and dust aerosols in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) were analyzed from two-wavelength (532 and 1064nm) backscatter and one-wavelength (532nm) polarization lidar measurements taken at Guangzhou in July 2006 and Beijing in August 2006. We used an algorithm that estimates the extinction coefficients for each aerosol component from the three-channel lidar data. The results revealed water-soluble aerosols, most of which were anthropogenic aerosols, were dominant in both cities. Air pollution events occurred on 12 and 22–24 July in Guangzhou and on 3–11, 16–19, and 23–25 August in Beijing. Differences in temporal variation of extinction coefficient of water-soluble particles (σ WS) in the lower layers during the air pollution periods were distinct: σ WS was higher in the nighttime at Beijing, whereas σ WS was higher in the daytime in Guangzhou. Meanwhile similar vertical structures of σ WS in the planetary boundary layer were found for both cities: σ WS increased as the altitude increased. We suggest that different mechanisms contributed to the temporal and vertical variations of σ WS in each city: hygroscopic growth mainly enhanced σ WS in the nighttime and at high altitude for Beijing, while the transport of aerosols in the local area mainly enhanced σ WS in the daytime and at high altitude in Guangzhou. Distinct differences were also observed in the sea-salt components in Guangzhou and in the dust components in Beijing. The correlation of the dust concentration and aerosol depolarization ratio implies that internal mixing of water-soluble and dust particles occurred in Beijing during the air pollution periods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Route choice of travelling backward is modelled using a data-driven model. • The model comprises three GMM-based hierarchical Bayesian models. • No-U-turn sampler (NUTS) is introduced to estimate the model parameters. • A case study of Beijing metro network is discussed. • The proposed framework can help develop an accurate passenger flow assignment model. • The framework has been successfully applied to demand assignment and passenger flow control. This study proposes a data-driven approach to understand traveling backward (TB) behavior while making a route choice in congested metros. First, TB behavior during route choice in overcrowded metros is defined and analyzed. Second, a hybrid model comprising three hierarchical Bayesian models is developed to describe the TB behavior. Third, a novel sampling method based on Hamiltonian dynamics is introduced to estimate the model parameters. Finally, a case study of Beijing metro is discussed to illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model. The contributions of application of the proposed model to accurate demand assignment and passenger flow control for metro managers are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]