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After the cold war, some countries gradually seek to regional cooperation when they could not handle various transnational challenges alone. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is a good example. It brought Central Asian countries together. This paper applies the text-mining method, using co-word analysis, co-occurrence matrix, cluster analysis, and strategic diagram to analyze the selected articles from newspapers quantitatively and visually. In order to investigate the Chinese government's attitude toward the SCO, this study collected data from the China Core Newspaper Full-text Database, which contains high-impact government newspapers revealing the Chinese government's perception of the SCO. This study characterizes the changing role of SCO as perceived by the Chinese government from 2001 to 2019. Beijing's changing expectations in each of the three identified subperiods are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Medication adherence plays an important role in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management. To analyze the factors influencing medication adherence in T2DM patients and the effect of pharmacist-led interventions, we conducted a study in Beijing, China. Patients and Methods: T2DM patients with hypoglycemic drugs for at least 6 months were enrolled. A pharmacist-led survey was conducted followed by individualized interventions for those non-adherent patients monthly within 3 months. FPG, HbA1c, and 2hPG were measured as the comprehensive glycemic control. Medication adherence was determined according to the patient's self-reported compliance with prescribed medication during the last 3 months. Results: A total of 763 T2DM patients were included. The average age was 63.26± 11.89 years, with 363 males. After pharmacist intervention, the patients with good adherence increased from 34.21% to 39.06%, while poor adherence decreased from 32.5% to 24.5% (p < 0.001). The average adherence score was a significant increase (p < 0.001) from 27.846± 4.185 to 29.831± 7.065. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that pharmacist-led interventions significantly increased glycemic control (FPG from 42.33% to 53.60%, p < 0.001; 2hPG from 41.68% to 48.75%, p = 0.005; HbA1c from 24.12% to 29.23%, p = 0.024). The results found that body mass index (OR 0.643, 95% CI 0.437– 0.945), use of medications empirically (occasionally (OR=3.066, 95% CI 2.069– 4.543); often (OR=2.984, 95% CI 1.107– 8.044)), following the doctor's advice to visit (OR 2.129, 95% CI 1.079– 4.202) and lifestyle compliance (OR 2.835, 95% CI 1.094– 7.346) were the independent risk factors of non-adherence (p < 0.05), the area under the ROC curve was 0.716. Conclusion: Self-reported medication adherence and glycemic control in T2DM patients were poor which can be improved by pharmacist-led interventions. Interventions should focus on empirical medication behavior, non-adherence to lifestyle, and failure to follow the doctor's advice. The recall bias with self-reported results needs further objective data to verify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining the reliable operation of multi-modal public transit networks (MPTNs) is of great significance in improving urban public transit systems. However, most of the studies on the dynamic robustness of PTNs focus on individual modes and cannot reveal the complexity caused by the coupling of different modes in MPTNs. In addition, there is still a gap in the research on the modeling of MPTNs and cascading reliability of MPTNs that fully take into account the third or fourth transit modes to meet more flexible and more variety of travel combination demand, such as taxis/car-hailing and public bicycles, especially the lack of weight measurement metrics for different transit modes. Therefore, the objective of this work is to explore the construction method of MPTNs and the coupling robustness under cascading failures affected by complex properties of MPTNs. Considering the behavior choice of different transit modes, firstly, we propose a modeling method of multilayer interdependent MPTN in the expanded L-space, in which the coupling relationship of multi modes are represented, which is composed of bus transit, rail transit, taxi/car-hailing and public bicycle. Then the metrics of topological complexity and the cascading failure model of MPTNs based on coupled map lattice (CML) model are designed. Taking Beijing as an example, in order to verify the feasibility and validity of the model, eight MPTNs covering different transit modes are established, and a comparative analysis of two network construction methods, i.e., the L-space method and the expanded L-space method, is conducted to verify the feasibility and validity of the model. Additionally, by deliberately attacking different stations, the dynamic vulnerability characteristics of the eight MPTNs subjected to cascading failures are explored. Finally, we estimate the embedding impacts of walking distance and cycling distance on the interdependent coupling MPTN by the sensitivity analysis. The results show that on the one hand, in L-space, MPTNs present scale-free network characteristics, while in expanded L-space, MPTNs are more inclined to random network; on the other hand, MPTNs in expanded L-space which remain reliable at low perturbations and instead become more vulnerable at high perturbations have higher critical thresholds for facing cascading failures. Our work is helpful to understand the essences of MPTNs' structure and cascading reliability, and can provide guidance for the future's planning protection of the large-scale MPTNs. • The study upgrades the traditional single type public transit mode to a more complex multilayer MPTN. • The constructed MPTN integrates the behavior characteristics of different public transit modes, and the space-time evolution law of stations. • This work can provide a modeling theoretical basis for the protection of MPTNs and further research of dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a high risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury. For patients receiving laparoscopic surgery, standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum (SPP) currently applied in clinical practice also undermines renal perfusion. Several studies have shown that low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (LPP) might reduce pressure-related ischemic renal injury. However, LPP may compromise the view of the surgical field. Previous studies have indicated that deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) can ameliorate this issue. However, the conclusion is still uncertain. The hypothesis of this study is that the joint use of LPP and deep NMB can reduce perioperative renal injury in diabetic patients undergoing laparoscopic pelvic surgery without impeding the view of the surgical field.Methods: This is a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial using a 2 × 2 factorial trial design. A total of 648 diabetes patients scheduled for major laparoscopic pelvic surgeries at Peking Union Medical College Hospital will be randomized into the following four groups: SPP (12-15 mmHg) + deep-NMB (post-tetanic count of 1-2) group, LPP (7-10 mmHg) + deep-NMB group, SPP + moderate-NMB (train-of-four of 1-2) group, and LPP + moderate-NMB group. The primary outcome is serum cystatin C level measured before insufflation, after deflation, 24 h postoperatively, and 72 h postoperatively. The secondary outcomes are serum creatinine level, intraoperative urine output, erythrocytes in urinary sediment, renal tissue oxygen saturation, Leiden's surgical condition rating scale, surgery duration, and occurrence of bucking or body movement.Discussion: This study will provide evidence for the effect of LPP on renal function protection in patients with diabetes undergoing laparoscopic pelvic surgery. The trial can also help us to understand whether deep NMB can improve surgical conditions.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT04259112 . Prospectively registered on 5 February 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]