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Background: No longitudinal study compared associations of echocardiographic indexes of diastolic left ventricular function studies with conventional (CBP) and daytime ambulatory (ABP) blood pressure in the general population., Methods and Results: In 780 Flemish (mean age, 50.2 years; 51.7% women), we measured left atrial volume index (LAVI), peak velocities of the transmitral blood flow (E) and mitral annular movement (e') in early diastole and E/e' 9.6 years (median) after CBP and ABP. In adjusted models including CBP and ABP, we expressed associations per 10/5-mm Hg systolic/diastolic blood pressure increments. LAVI and E/e' were 0.65/0.40 mL/m 2 and 0.17/0.09 greater with higher systolic/diastolic ABP ( P ≤0.028), but not with higher baseline CBP ( P ≥0.086). e' was lower ( P ≤0.032) with higher diastolic CBP (-0.09 cm/s) and ABP (-0.19 cm/s). When we substituted baseline CBP by CBP recorded concurrently with echocardiography, LAVI and E/e' remained 0.45/0.38 mL/m 2 and 0.15/0.08 greater with baseline ABP ( P ≤0.036), while LAVI (+0.53 mL/m 2 ) and E/e' (+0.19) were also greater ( P <0.001) in relation to concurrent systolic CBP. In categorized analyses of baseline data, sustained hypertension or masked hypertension compared with normotension or white-coat hypertension was associated with greater LAVI (24.0 versus 22.6 mL/m 2 ) and E/e' (7.35 versus 6.91) and lower e' (10.7 versus 11.6 cm/s; P ≤0.006 for all) with no differences ( P ≥0.092) between normotension and white-coat hypertension or between masked hypertension and sustained hypertension., Conclusions: ABP is a long-term predictor of diastolic left ventricular function, statistically outperforming distant but not concurrent CBP. Masked hypertension and sustained hypertension carry equal risk for deterioration of diastolic left ventricular function., (© 2018 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.)