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Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intrathecal vs. intravenous dexmedetomidine on the duration of sensory and motor blockage and analgesia in patients having lower limb procedures while under bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective comparative randomized study conducted among 90 patients who were scheduled to undergo lower limb surgeries under sub-arachnoid block at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, from February 2021 to September 2022 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants. Results: The mean time for onset of sensory blockade was 1.24 ± 0.44 min and motor block was 1.38 ± 0.39 min in group IT, 1.40 ± 0.54 min and 1.49 ± 0.51 min respectively in group IV. The onset of motor blockade was significantly faster in the intrathecal group compared to the intravenous group (p < 0.001). The mean duration of sensory blockade was 295.11 ± 38.88 min in group IT and 251.78 ± 46.19 min in group IV. The mean duration of the motor block was 307.78 ± 30.74 min in group IT and 263.11 ± 47.62 min in group IV. The duration of sensory and motor blocks was significantly higher in the intrathecal group when compared to the intravenous group (p<0.001). The mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group IV (p<0.001). Conclusion: Intrathecal dexmedetomidine is a better alternative to intravenous dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally, as it provides good quality intraoperative and post-operative analgesia under stable hemodynamic conditions with minimal adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of adding two different doses (10 mg and 20 mg) of intrathecal meperidine with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine on the onset, incidence and intensity of shivering during lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. Methods: This was a hospital-based randomized controlled trial study conducted among 60 patients aged between 18 and 60 years of physical status ASA grade 1 and ASA grade 2 of either sex undergoing elective lower limb surgeries at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, from December 2015 to September 2017 after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent from the study participants. Results: The onset and intensity of shivering were greater in group 1 than in group 2 (p =0.007). The duration of shivering was significantly prolonged in group 1 compared to group 2 (p=0.004). There was a significant drop in temperature in both groups at 25 minutes (p<0.001) and 1 hour (p<0.001). The noted side effects were vomiting and pruritis. Conclusion: 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 20 mg of meperidine prevents shivering better with respect to incidence, intensity and duration of shivering when compared to 10 mg meperidine. Hence, we conclude that meperidine can be safely used at dosages of both 10 mg and 20 mg for the prevention of shivering with no significant difference with respect to complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]