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The subject of the research paper is the use of remote sensing in monitoring and analyzing the impact of climate change on the occurrence of extreme precipitation, and the causeand-effect occurrence of floods in the area of the Sana River Basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The goal is to process the "product" of remote sensing to identify the time intervals of occurrence of extreme precipitation, to assess their impact on water levels, and to map potential floods in space. Spatial identification of zones that are at risk of flooding is an integral part of the aforementioned goal. Precipitation monitoring was performed by processing Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station Data through the Google Earth Engine platform. The observed 30-year period (1992-2022) was compared with the average precipitation for 2017, 2018 and 2019. The impact of extreme precipitation on the water level of the Sana River was analyzed. Flooding periods have been identified: February and December 2017, March 2018 and May 2019. Mapping of flooded areas was carried out by pre-processing and post-processing of Sentinel-1 radar satellite images. The total flooded area is: 710.38 ha (February 2017), 496.79 ha (December 2017), 417.86 ha (March 2018) and 422.42 ha (May 2019). Based on the identified flooded areas, a flood risk map was created on the main course of the Sana River. The research contributes to a better understanding of the changes that occur in the area under the influence of climate change, and the data presented are important for numerous practical issues in the field of water resource management and flood protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines changes in air temperature, precipitation, and river discharges on seasonal and annual scale over the Sava River watershed in Bosnia & Herzegovina during the period 1961-2016. Based upon data gathered from 11 meteorological stations and 3 hydrological stations, hydroclimatic variables trends were established by utilizing the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and the nonparametric Sen's slope estimator. The results show significant positive seasonal and annual trends (expect for autumn, during which upward trends were insignificant) in air temperature, whereas both positive and negative insignificant seasonal and annual precipitation trends are shown where determined for the entire watershed. Most prominent upward trends in air temperature were found in summer and afterwards in winter and spring, indicating a pronounced warming tendency over the Sava River watershed. Trends in river discharge displayed a negative tendency in all seasons. Nevertheless, a majority of estimated trends of river discharges were weak and statistically insignificant. Throughout the year, river discharges showed significant positive correlation with precipitation, whilst connection with air temperature was mostly significant and negative. The study results suggest that climate is an important factor affecting river regimes, as well as that changes in river discharges are reflecting recent abrupt changes in climatic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the spatial distribution of the seasonal and annual precipitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mean monthly precipitation data from 40 meteorological stations covering the standard climatological thirty-year period (1961-1990) were used for the analysis. Seven precipitation-based parameters were used to regionalize climate in Bosnia and Herzegovina by using the Principal Component Analysis and clustering techniques. The spatial patterns of precipitation were determined by using the R-mode principal component analysis with varimax rotation. The first two principal components, which describe 97.60% of the total variance, were taken into consideration. The varimax rotated scores were subjected to the Cluster Analysis in order to identify homogeneous precipitation regions over the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering identified three sub-regions with different precipitation regimes. The complex orography, i.e., the influence of the Pannonian Basin, the Dinaric Alps, and the Adriatic Sea, is one of the most decisive factors that affect spatial patterns of precipitation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]