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Brown trout is a common type of fish grown for consumption in open and flowing fish ponds on the rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We conducted this study during three seasons (spring, summer and autumn) to obtain a complete picture of the morphological and histological characteristics of selected trout tissues. The physicochemical characteristics of the water from the Pliva River near Pljeva and the fish pond where intensive breeding of trout is carried out were analyzed. These analyses have shown that there are no major deviations in water quality and that the water in the pond is of excellent quality. A total of 90 trout were harvested during all three seasons and their morphometric characteristics were determined by analyzing ten parameters. After the dissection of all individuals, histological and stereological analysis was performed to compare the tissues of the liver, stomach, gills and muscles. These analyses showed significant differences in the histoarchitecture of selected trout tissues from the pond compared to the river. Liver tissue had altered hepatocyte shape and presence of adipocytes; stomach tissue had stronger mucosa and weaker muscle layer; gill tissue had lower respiratory lamellae; while muscle tissue had a significant presence of adipose tissue in brown trout living in the fish pond compared to those in the river. All these changes are due to the quality of commercial feed and the inability to move freely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demodicosis of sheep are parasitic infection caused by Demodex spp. Infection is not common like other type of parasitic dermatitis and there are not many cases of this infection described. In most cases no clinical symptoms are cusing and has little or no economic impact on sheep flocks. Demodex spend all life under host skin and present a normal skin habitat. Mainly are resent at hair folicules where its complete transformation from eggs to adult is performed. There are two types of diseases, local and general. Local demodicosis were present like small reddish places without hair on skin. Main topic are skin on head, around eyes and mouth, and on the back legs. Most important role to clinical demodicosis presents a immunological status of animals. Hereditary against demodicosis were important role too. During our examination of parasitoses in one flock of sheep in the south of Serbia during the spring of 2018, demodicosis was diagnosed. Established clinical signs are nonpruritic papules and nodules which develop over the face, neck, shoulders, and sides and udder. At a later stage, there was a pustular eruption that gradually merged, while later there was a thickening of the skin and loss of wool. Itch rarely occurred. The nodules contain a thick, waxy, grayish material that can be easily expressed and mites can be found in this exudate. To diagnosis we performed microscopic examination of deep skin scrape which revealed adult parasites, larval forms and lemon-shaped eggs. Lesion were spontaneous loos around few months without therapy. In the area of the Western Balkans, only one case of ovine demodicosis was recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and this is the first case described in Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the state-building process in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, and thus contributes to the literature on state-building processes in the post-war multinational countries. By analyzing the overall value of the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the contemporary predicament of the Bosnian state, the article engages with the most challenging issue on the Bosnian political agenda - the much needed constitutional reform. Through the evaluation of the presented alternatives for the current Bosnian constitutional framework, the article comes to the conclusion that the model of the consociational confederalism, with a further decentralization of the country, may be the only feasible constitutional reform package for ensuring the self-sustainability of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]