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The purpose of this article is to analyze the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) and media in education in contemporary society and their influences on legal education. Such analysis is relevant in view of the changes in contemporary society and the pedagogical practices of legal education, still marked by tradicionalism, which does not always corresponding to students needs. In order to achieve the proposed objective, a bibliographical research was used through the analysis of works that address DICT, media in education and legal teaching. Based on a reflection on DICT and digital media, we discuss the use of DICT in Education, from the perspective of renowned authors, exposing various approaches and methodologies that can be adopted. Finally, we deal with the use of DICT in legal education in Brazil, briefly discussing the historical context of Law Courses and methodologies that can be used, modifying educational practices and encouraging student center role, making the student not only a consumer, but also a producer of informations, with the possibility of elaborating contents, becoming digitally included and author of his own knowledge. A difficult aspect is the teachers traditionalism and their training in the use of technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.) is one of the most important pests in soybean culture. However, its control has become difficult, due to the ineffectiveness and side effects of commonly used chemical insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi has potential to be used to control brown stink bugs, with products already registered and marketed in Brazil. However, the natural low susceptibility of the brown stink bug to known isolates has led to the search for new isolates, under laboratory conditions. Thus, the objective of the present study is to select Beauveria bassiana isolates with high virulence against the brown stink bug and characterise their productivity in culture medium. The effect of some fungicides used in soybean crops on some fungi parameters was also evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of the fungi to control stink bugs was evaluated in a greenhouse. Among 24 isolates, Unioeste 76 isolate (B. bassiana lato sensu) was selected due to its higher insecticidal activity (96% insect mortality; 1 × 108 conidia/mL) and productivity in culture medium (5.2 × 109 conidia/g of rice). All fungicides affected the fungal parameters. In the greenhouse, soybean plants were sprayed with fungal suspension (1 × 108 and 1 × 109 conidia/mL) before and after infestation with adult stink bugs. After 14 days, mortality varied from 80 to 90%, respectively for treatment before and after infestation, proving the potential of the fungus. Therefore, field tests should be conducted with the formulated fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the prevalence of notified self-inflicted injuries among adolescents in Espírito Santo and to analyze the associated factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study, with the notified data of self-inflicted violence among adolescents in Espírito Santo registered in the Notifiable Diseases Information System from 2011 to 2018. The bivariate analyses considered the Chi-square (χ²) and Fisher's Exact tests. The multivariate analysis considered the log-binomial model, and the adjustment results were presented as prevalence ratio. Results: The prevalence of notified self-inflicted injuries was 33 % and, of this total, 79.8 % occurred among female adolescents. Prevalence was higher among adolescents aged from 13 to 17 years old (female gender) and from 18 to 19 years old (male gender), as well as among those with some disability or disorder. Higher prevalence values were found in the residence and in collective housing, as well as among those who did not consume alcohol at the event in question. In the female gender, there was also an association with the urban area (p < 0.05). Conclusions: hHigh prevalence of notified self-inflicted injuries is perceived among adolescents in Espírito Santo, as well as of the factors associated to this phenomenon. The importance of adopting promotion, prevention and recovery measures for the problem is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to identify the frequency of reported cases of recurring violence against adolescents and their association with victim, violence, and aggressor characteristics. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with notified data on violence against adolescents, produced by Epidemiological Surveillance and registered in the Information System of Diseases and Notification (SINAN), from 2011 to 2018, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Results: the frequency of recurring violence against adolescents was 46.4%. Higher occurrence was observed among girls (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.15 -- 1.38) between 10 and 14 years of age (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.13 -- 1.28), and people with a disability or disorder (PR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.42 -- 1.62). Psychological violence/neglect was 30% more prevalent in recurrence than self-harm. Most cases occurred at home (PR: 1.56; 95%CI: 1.37 -- 1.77). Results showed a 1.11 times higher prevalence of recurring violence perpetrated by aggressors aged 20 years or older and higher evidence in male aggressors (95%CI: 0.97 -- 1.17). Conclusion: recurring violence was associated with victim, aggressor, and event characteristics. Health intersectoriality is crucial to reduce cases of recurring violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) of diatomaceous earth (TD) and the dust of rock Protesyl and Rocksil, alone or in combinations, for Alphitobius diaperinus to control. The control agents were applied in dried by mixing with the poultry liter. The concentration of Bb conidia was 0.08% on the weight of the substrate, and for the dust inert were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. Twenty treatments with five repetitions of 200 insects were tested for 10 days. The treatments with highest efficiency were TD 1.5% and Bb 0.08% + TD 1.5%, with 60.2 and 57.8%, respectively. Protesyl and Rocksil in the three concentrations and TD 0.5% did not differ from control. For the interaction between control agents no advantage was observed for the association. Additive effect occurred for Bb + TD and Bb + Rocksil at the three concentrations and for Bb + Protesyl at 1.5%. The action of the fungus was reduced in association with Protesyl with antagonistic non-additive effect in 0.5 and 1.0%. Diatomaceous earth, isolated our in association with B. bassiana its a good alternative for A. diaperinus control. Just rock dust Protesyl and Rochsil were not efficient for insect control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is invasive in the Southern Hemisphere having a large impact on rocky shore communities. It recently appeared in the state of Santa Catarina (SC) which is the most important shellfish aquacultural region in Brazil. Whether this introduction was intentional or accidental is unclear. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to study population genetics of four introduced populations within at most 70 km from one another in SC; strong similarity among these populations suggests a single introduction event. The Mediterranean Sea is the most probable origin. We monitored recruitment of the invasive Mytilus in the site most affected by the invasion and compare it with Perna perna , the local commercial species. Results reveal that both species have similar seasonal recruitment trends along the year, which makes it impossible to control the invasive species by recruitment management. We recommended the suppression of Perna perna production in the most affected site for at least one year, beginning prior to the reproductive season, followed by cleaning all mussel fouling on submerged and floating structures. This study provides baseline data of an invasive process at its beginning and adds ecological and genetic information for one of the 100 most invasive species worldwide. This information, and continued study will help us understand the evolutionary process of invasion, and the rate of and degree to which M. galloprovincialis adapts to a new, warm environment in the southern hemisphere. • Results suggests that one single introduction event explains Mytilus galloprovincialis introduction in south Brazil. • Current evidence points to the Mediterranean Sea as the most probable source of propagules. • The invasive species has the same reproductive trend along the year (effort and timing) as Perna perna. • To manage the invasion we recommend the suppression of Perna perna production in the most affected sites for one year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry farming is an important activity in animal protein production worldwide, either by laying hen farming or broilers. Over the last decades, the change in production systems with confinement of large numbers of hens has increased productivity and reduced costs; however, it has also increased sanitary issues. In this setting, arthropods that are adapted to poultry houses have gained great importance. They cause direct damage to hens, either by blood spoliation caused by ectoparasites or lesions in the digestive tract (e.g., lesser mealworm) or by indirect damages, by transmitting pathogens or by affecting egg quality, when they attain pest status. Synthetic chemical products comprise the most frequently used control strategy against these pests, with relative efficacy and many side effects. In Europe, some countries also adopt alternative prevention or control measures. In Brazil, however, although there are some groups of researchers that work on developing alternative control, its use is virtually zero. The present review shows a critical overview of this context in Brazil, based on the alternatives that have already been studied and made available, but have not been implemented, yet, and the potential stumbling blocks created by the very poultry market against these advances., (© 2022. Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil.)

Objectives: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are frequently involved in healthcare-associated infections worldwide. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the frequency of the main genes encoding carbapenemases, 16S rRNA methylases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) as well as the mcr gene and (ii) the clonal relationship of enterobacteria isolates resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycosides from colonisation and infection in patients from hospitals in northeastern Brazil., Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using an automated VITEK®2 system. Presence of carbapenemase, AME and 16S rRNA methylase genes as well as the mcr gene was determined by PCR and amplicon sequencing. Genetic variability was determined by ERIC-PCR., Results: A total of 35 isolates resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycosides were selected for this study. Klebsiella pneumoniae was most common (45.7%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (28.6%) and Serratia marcescens (25.7%). AME genes were found in 97.1% of isolates, most commonly aph(3')-VI and aac(6')-Ib. The bla NDM-1 and bla KPC-2 genes were detected in 25.7% and 88.6% of isolates, respectively; five isolates harboured these genes concomitantly. According to the literature, this is the first report of the association of bla NDM-1 and bla KPC-2 in P. mirabilis and S. marcescens in Brazil. The isolates showed a multiclonal profile by ERIC-PCR., Conclusion: The emergence of bla NDM-1 associated with bla KPC-2 and AME genes in K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and S. marcescens isolates with a multiclonal profile is of concern as this limits therapeutic options. These results should alert medical authorities to establish rigorous detection methods to reduce the spread of these antimicrobial resistance genes., (Copyright © 2019 International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a form of chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown cause, which predominantly affects elderly men who are current or former smokers. Even though it is an uncommon disease, it is of great importance because of its severity and poor prognosis. In recent decades, several pharmacological treatment modalities have been investigated for the treatment of this disease, and the classic concepts have therefore been revised. The purpose of these guidelines was to define evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of pharmacological agents in the treatment of IPF in Brazil. We sought to provide guidance on the practical issues faced by clinicians in their daily lives. Patients of interest, Intervention to be studied, Comparison of intervention and Outcome of interest (PICO)-style questions were formulated to address aspects related to the use of corticosteroids, N-acetylcysteine, gastroesophageal reflux medications, endothelin-receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, pirfenidone, and nintedanib. To formulate the PICO questions, a group of Brazilian specialists working in the area was assembled and an extensive review of the literature on the subject was carried out. Previously published systematic reviews with meta-analyses were analyzed for the strength of the compiled evidence, and, on that basis, recommendations were developed by employing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The authors believe that the present document represents an important advance to be incorporated in the approach to patients with IPF, aiming mainly to improve its management, and can become an auxiliary tool for defining public policies related to IPF.

We report the first occurrence of Zoophthora radicans infecting adults of Gyropsylla spegazziniana Lizer & Trelles in a commercial Paraguay tea plantation (Ilex paraguariensis), in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. The fungus prevalence was high (90% of mortality), considered a natural epizooty.

This paper presents results on isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana for Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) control. Of the 30 isolates tested, four (CG 71, CG 152, UNIOESTE 4, and UNIOESTE 40) resulted in mortality rates >or= 40% within 10 days. These mortality rates could be considered high because of the resistance of these species to B. bassiana. Tests were conducted using these isolates to estimate LC(50), mortality rate over time, vegetative growth, and conidial production on artificial medium and on insects. Isolates CG 71, CG 152, and UNIOESTE 4 showed the best performance and great potential to be used in an integrated management program in poultry farms to control A. diaperinus. Also, the molecular profiles of 12 isolates were analyzed using the RAPD technique. The high-virulence isolates presented a more homogeneous RAPD pattern than the others. Genetic sequencing of the ITS region was performed for one of the virulent isolates (UNIOESTE 4) and compared with sequences deposited at the NCBI database, confirming its taxonomical position as belonging to B. bassiana Clade A.

This paper records the occurrence of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) attacking aphids in wheat plantation in Medianeira, in the west region of Paraná State, Brazil. This microhymenoptera was introduced and released by Embrapa Trigo, from 1978 to 1992 in the wheat production region at the state of Rio Grande do Sul, what suggests that individuals of this species may show high dispersal ability.

The objective of this research was to analyze the populational dynamic of the phytophagous mites, as well as that of their natural predators in the plants Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae). This study was conduced in Dois Vizinhos, State of Paraná, from August 2001 to July 2002. Leaf samples from different parts of the plant were taken and the number of mites was registered. During this period, two species of phytophagous mites, Dichopelmus notus Keifer, and Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor), and three species of predator mites identified as Euseius concordis (Chant), Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, and Agistemus sp. were related to the mate-tea plant. Large numbers of D. notus appeared on mature leaves and on the inferior face of leaves. The mite was more frequent in the inferior and medium strata. O. yothersi occurred mainly on mature leaves. The concentration of E. concordis e I. zuluagai was higher on the inferior face of the leaves, and on the leaves of inferior and medium strata, as well as in the internal canopy region, and on mature leaves. The highest numbers of D. notus, O. yothersi, E. concordis and I. zuluagai occurred in periods with mild temperatures and little rain precipitation. The largest population density of Agistemus sp. occurred on the inferior face of the leaves, more often in periods of high temperature and heavy rain.