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2022 is marked by two important celebrations in Brazil: the 200th anniversary of its independence (September 7) and the 100th anniversary of the Modern Art Week (February 13-17). Although they refer to distinct events, these celebrations are a favorable occasion to ask again about Brazil and Brazilians, their history, identity, and destiny. Among the protagonists of the Week, Oswald de Andrade was undoubtedly one of the most provocative. He developed, in the years that followed, a theory about Brazil and Brazilians based on the metaphor of anthropophagy. Following some methodological clarifications, the present study presents Oswald's anthropophagic thought, identifying in his search for the "hu-manum" some elements of a possible "mutually critical correlation" between this "classic" of Brazilian thought and Christian theology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the prevalence of OTX1 and OTX2 gene expression in 60 medulloblastoma specimen samples and to establish correlations between gene expression and clinical and histopathological aspects., Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 60 patients with a diagnosis of medulloblastoma at the Clinicas Hospital of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, and the Cancer Hospital of Barretos. We created a database of the 60 patients containing information on the gene expression of OTX1 and OTX2 (obtained using real-time polymerase chain reaction) and clinical and epidemiological data. Statistical tests were performed to verify potential correlations of clinicopathological data and follow-up aspects with gene expression., Results: The OTX1 gene was expressed in 52% of the study population. Expression varied with age (higher in adults), location (predominantly by hemisphere), and histological type (desmoplastic). The OTX2 gene was expressed in 62% of the study population. Expression varied with age (higher in younger age groups), location (predominantly vermis), and histological type (classic and anaplastic). A statistical correlation between OTX2 gene expression and the development of leptomeningeal metastases was observed., Conclusions: The relative expression of OTX1 and OTX2 was dependent on patient age, tumor location, and histological variant. In addition, OTX2 expression might be a predictive factor for leptomeningeal metastases of medulloblastoma. The OTX pathway should be consider as an important venue for medulloblastomas development., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)