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This article aims at investigating how the hypothesis that Brazil could become one of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council emerged and developed when the organization was created in 1945. The motivations of President Roosevelt in putting forward this proposal in 1944, during the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the resistances faced, as well as the position adopted by the Brazilian government at the San Francisco Conference, are analyzed by using archival sources and documents from the period under examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]