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Environmental context: Intensive aquaculture is the main source of fisheries products. Thus, investigating the food safety of these products and the environmental impacts of the farms on mangroves is necessary. A shrimp productive cycle was evaluated with a focus on trace element accumulation in shrimps and effluent. The results revealed secure levels of elements in the final product; however, the effluent produced in farms is an important source of contamination to mangrove environment. Rationale: Aquaculture systems have increased in the last years due to the high demand for seafood consumption, this could impact the environment and subject fisheries to accumulation of toxic elements. To understand some parameters of food safety and environmental impact, the present study evaluated the concentration of trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, V and Zn) throughout the production cycle of shrimp. Methodology: About 50 shrimps per cycle were collected in a shrimp farm in Brazil and their trace element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma–tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) and microwave-induced plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (MIP-OES). Results: At their final lifecycle stage, shrimp samples present a content (mg g−1) of elements following the trend: Cu (102 ± 12) > Al (20.06 ± 4.24) > Zn (14.82 ± 2.46) > Mn (6.24 ± 0.94) > As (2.65 ± 0.42) > Se (0.932 ± 0.140) > Co (0.380 ± 0.05) > Mo (0.254 ± 0.03) > V (0.204 ± 0.02). Discussion: The content of Cd and Pb are in allowance with Brazil and USA legislation for crustaceans, however, the content of As is 3–4-fold higher than that allowed by guidelines in all stages of the growth of the shrimp. The final effluent of the shrimp's pond into the mangroves shows a high mass fraction of Zn and Mn that could be a source of contamination. Some correlations between some elements in the shrimp samples were found, such as As–Se, Se–Co and Se–V. This study was a scoping experiment to study the content of trace elements throughout the farming cycle of shrimps, encouraging the researcher to undergo a wide survey to evaluate the environmental impact of aquaculture shrimp farming. Environmental context. Intensive aquaculture is the main source of fisheries products. Thus, investigating the food safety of these products and the environmental impacts of the farms on mangroves is necessary. A shrimp productive cycle was evaluated with a focus on trace element accumulation in shrimps and effluent. The results revealed secure levels of elements in the final product; however, the effluent produced in farms is an important source of contamination to mangrove environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp is a worldwide food commodity, it is a source of several nutrients and vitamins; however, this food is one of the major sources of arsenic for humans. Legislation around the world set limits for the concentration of this element in crustaceans but is mainly concerned with total analysis. Although, arsenic species have different toxicities and total analysis could be ineffective for making decisions about food security. Samples of wild (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis) and farmed shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) from NE Brazil were fractionated in subsamples of carapace, muscle tissue and viscera. The whole shrimp as well as the animal tissue fractions were decomposed using microwave digestion and total arsenic was analyzed by mass spectrometry inductively coupled plasm (ICP-MS). The water-soluble arsenic species were extracted, and the extract was carried for speciation analysis using HPLC-ICP-MS with an anionic and cationic column. Total As in wild shrimp samples exceeded Brazilian and USA food legislation by one order of magnitude, with concentrations of 11.5 ± 0.5 mg kg−1, while farmed shrimp had significantly lower total arsenic levels (0.53 ± 0.09 mg kg−1). More than 60% of the As was in the edible fraction in the wild shrimp, while in farmed shrimp this was less than 50%. The speciation analysis showed that arsenobetaine (AsB) was the predominant As form and iAs was below the Chinese legislation levels (iAs <0.50 mg kg−1) for shrimp in both species. The arsenic uptake in wild and farmed shrimp was discussed and some differences were found related to feed and salinity. About legislation, it has been concluded that most food legislations that consider only tAs are not appropriate to assess the toxicity of As in seafood. It is necessary to update the legislation of food control agencies to insert As speciation analysis in their protocols. [Display omitted] • Arsenic content in wild shrimp was above that allowed by regulatory agencies. • The edible part of shrimps retain the higher mass fraction of As. • Arsenobetaine was the predominant As specie in shrimp samples. • Inorganic As found in wild shrimp was less than 1% of total As. • Total As analysis in shrimps is not enough to assess the risks of As exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triphenyltin (TPhT) is a biocide used worldwide in agriculture, especially in rice crop farming. The distribution and dissipation of TPhT in rice fields, as well as uptake of TPhT and other phenyltin compounds (monophenyltin, MPhT, and diphenyltin, DPhT) is still unknown at present. In this study, speciation analysis of phenyltin compounds was carried out in soil and water from a rice field where TPhT was applied during rice seeding according to legal application rates in Brazil. The results indicate the degradation of biocide and distribution of tin species into soil and water. To evaluate whether TPhT is taken up by plants, rice plants were exposed to three different TPhT application rates in a controlled mesocosm during 7 weeks. After this period, tin speciation was determined in soil, roots, leaves, and grains of rice. Degradation of TPhT was observed in soil, where DPhT and MPhT were detected. MPhT, DPhT, and TPhT were also detected in the roots of plants exposed to all TPhT application rates. Only TPhT was detected in leaves and at relatively low concentration, suggesting selective transport of TPhT in the xylem, in contrast to DPhT and MPhT. Concentration of phenyltin species in rice grains was lower than the limit of detection, suggesting that rice plants do not have the capability to take up TPhT from soil and transport it to the grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil is a major producer of rice, but there is not enough information about As and Cd in rice grown under different conditions in this country. Here, As and Cd were determined by ICP-MS and species of As by HPLC-ICP-MS in Brazilian husked rice, covering diverse cultivars and regions, as well as upland and flooded production systems. Significant differences were observed for contents of both elements according to the origin of rice. All samples were below the maximum limit for Cd (400 µg/kg) set by national legislation, while nine samples presented total As above the legislation limit (300 µg/kg). From 24 samples analyzed for As species, 42% showed iAs above the European limit for production of food to infants (100 µg/kg). The total As content in samples from Mato Grosso state presented a maximum value of 6 µg/kg, which combined with low Cd content make interesting further studies., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)