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The objective of this paper is to establish comparisons between the Linear Algebra (LA) approach practiced in Engineering courses offered by Chilean and Brazilian Higher Education Institutions and, for that, teachers from both countries were interviewed. From a methodological point of view, the research consists of two case studies. For the analysis of the interviews, we used the precepts of Content Analysis. The data were qualitatively analyzed considering the MTSK theoretical model. In this analysis, we sought to identify what specialized knowledge these teachers have regarding AL and about its teaching and learning. The results have shown that, in relation to the Mathematical Knowledge (MK) domain, which refers to content knowledge, the Knowledge of Topics subdomain (KoT), linked to the way that teachers know the topics they teach, is the most present among interviewees. In the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) domain, covering specific pedagogical knowledge linked to Mathematics, the Knowledge of Mathematics Teaching (KMT), regarding strategies, teaching theories, resources and materials, and Knowledge of Mathematics Learning Standards (KMLS) subdomains, concerning the curricular specifications and the moments in which the student must or can learn certain content and with what level of depth prevail.

We investigated the effects of perceived parenting styles, causal attributions for academic success/failure, and perceived school performance (PSP) on adolescents' psychological well-being (PWB). Participants were 200 Brazilian adolescents who answered the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire, the Psychological Well-Being Scale, and the Rating Scale of Causal Attributions for Academic Success/Failure (RSCA). The results showed that adolescents' PWB was predicted by authoritative parenting style (APS), internal and controllable attributions (appropriate motivations to cope with academic success/failure; ICASF), and PSP. In addition, we tested a mediation model showing that the ICASF mediated the relationship between APS and PSP, which in turn led to better PWB. These results highlighted the relevance of parenting styles and school-based causal attributions for the understanding of adolescents' mental health. Our findings can support interventions that enable more effective teaching-learning processes, which are associated with higher levels of mental health for the adolescent population.

Background: The research involved 170 adolescents from Brazil and Ecuador, ages 12 to 19, comprising 87 Brazilians and 83 Ecuadorians, with a gender distribution of 95 females and 75 males. Purpose: Examine the correlation between impulsivity, emotional symptoms, and the use of alcohol and drugs among teenagers in these countries. Methods: Implemented Addiction Severity Index (ASI-version 6), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale for Young People (BIS-11 and BIS-Brief), a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Findings indicated a significant link between higher impulsivity levels and increased alcohol consumption across both nations. Specifically, adolescents with greater impulsivity were 1.18 times more likely to consume alcohol (OR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.017-1.374]), and the likelihood of alcohol use escalated with age, with older teenagers 1.80 times more prone to drinking (OR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.285-2.541]). Discussion: Brazilian adolescents exhibited more emotional symptoms than their Ecuadorian counterparts. No gender differences were found in alcohol use, though females showed more emotional symptoms and males had more positive peer interactions. Translation to Health Education Practice: The research highlights the need for culturally sensitive health education interventions targeting these issues to promote healthier behaviors among adolescents.

Antioxidants are molecules that act against free radicals, and this effect can bring many benefits to health and society. Antioxidants can be found in various matrices of nature, such as fruits and plants. Some studies have shown that "Rhizophora mangle," a typical mangrove plant, is rich in antioxidants. People report its use for medicinal purposes, such as treating diabetes and high blood pressure. In Espírito Santo, Brazil, the bark extract of the plant is used as a waterproofing agent in the making of the capixaba clay pan, a cultural symbol of the state. Thus, this context was used as a reference for the application of chemical knowledge addressed in the teaching of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry. The participants were undergraduate chemistry students at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (Ufes). Two experiments were designed to be performed by groups of four to five students during 2-4 h laboratory classes. The students employed analytical techniques for spectrophotometric (FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power) and electrochemistry (CRAC, ceric reducing antioxidant capacity) determination of the total antioxidant capacity of "R. mangle" bark extracts. The experimental results indicated that the extracts of the plant have significant antioxidant capacity compared to trolox. By performing different extraction procedures and analytical techniques, students were able to compare, analyze, and evaluate strategies aimed at determining antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant capacity assays can be expanded to analyze other matrices of interest to professors and students.

This study assessed the knowledge, feelings, and life experiences of students in public middle schools in the Brazilian Amazon toward aquatic mammals by applying semi-structured interviews, with a qualitative-quantitative approach. A total of 241 students, from all genders, aged between 12 and 14 years old, from four public schools of Pará State were interviewed. The data were transcribed and analyzed in an inductive way, in dialog with the literature of scientific education and ethnozoology. This methodology was developed and validated during the doctorate research of the first author of this paper. The students showed a rich knowledge, feelings, and life experiences regarding the Amazonian aquatic mammals, those related to biological, morphological, behavioral, ecological, and taxonomic aspects, as well as the threat to these species. The research reveals the need for schools of the region to develop and use didactic resources and strategies for intercultural dialogue in science classes, favoring the development of reflective attitudes in students and promoting decision-making favorable to the conservation of aquatic mammals.

In the light of the connectivism theory, the objective was to analyze the perception of use and satisfaction of accounting students about Edpuzzle, a digital video application. This tool was employed in four accounting courses using the cell phones of 92 students. A questionnaire was administered on-site and was structured in two parts. The first contained questions about the respondent's profile, and the second about the use and satisfaction with Edpuzzle. The results indicated that students liked to use Edpuzzle and felt satisfied, especially those under 21 years old. We also noticed significant correlations among the questions. For example, the positive association between interactivity and appropriateness of use of the Edpuzzle stands out. It is concluded, therefore, that the results corroborate the connectivism theory, which sustains that knowledge must suffer updates as the environment changes and that sharing is crucial for the creation of networks that feed each other. Edpuzzle helps in this regard.

The use of computational scaffolding is a crucial strategy to foster students' regulation of learning skills, which is associated with increased learning achievement. However, most interventions treat the regulatory processes as individual actions isolated from a social context. This view contradicts the most recent research that points to the importance of studying the regulatory phenomenon from a social-cognitive perspective, where students' interactions influence their regulation of the learning process. This work explores these problems and presents multiple scaffolds to promote Self-regulation of Learning (SRL), co-regulation, and socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) embedded within a computer-supported collaborative learning environment. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was performed with students (n = 71) enrolled in an online introductory programming course. Students were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) SRL-only support, 2) SRL, co-regulation, and SSRL support, and 3) a no support control group. The findings revealed that students who received regulatory support achieved higher course grades than the control group. However, only students who received SSRL and co-regulation support achieved superior performance in collaborative activities, confirming the importance of this type of regulation. Even though students did not increase in SRL aptitude, the intervention provided support for achieving higher grades in the course.

In this article, we present how educational resources for zoology designed by undergraduate students help to propose means of action for teaching diversity and animal evolution in basic education. We realised that activities of creation and analysis of educational resources, in the context of didactic planning, have the potential to approximate epistemic and pedagogical dimensions of evolutionary thinking. These dimensions are relevant to the design of teaching-learning sequences, since they allow pre-teachers to cross the subject-object border and to appropriate cultural tools necessary for their professional activity. We argue about the development of evolutionary thinking, meaning, among other things, tree-thinking as a mediating tool in socio-scientific decision-making and the teaching-learning problems of the coexistence of antagonistic paradigms in biological classification. Our results emphasise that phylogeny is a structuring subject in teaching and preservice teacher education, mediating the debate on the nature of science, such as evolutionary inference, hypothesis elaboration, transience in science, and the social role of science for the conservation of biodiversity.

This paper contributes to southern theorization of multilingualisms. Noting the predominance of northern-generated academic debates, we discuss perspectives from close engagement with southern socio-historical and political contexts, and through prioritizing community and teacher outlooks on multilingualism. Our account is illustrated with examples of linguistic citizenship that highlight local agency and dialogue in border-crossing across multiple linguistic and institutional regimes. Drawing on examples from our research in Brazil, South Africa and Australia, we focus on four agentic multilingual moves that illustrate linguistic citizenship and challenge coloniality. Each of these moves (contestation, transgression, negotiation, and conversation) implies that teachers must situate their work within relationships of reciprocity, and 'from below.'

Health literacy, culture and language play vital roles in patients' understanding of health issues. Obstacles are more evident in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where inadequate patient education levels are higher and hospital resources are lower. This is a prospective pilot study assessing the feasibility of digital preoperative animations as guides for surgical patients. Patients admitted to a public hospital in Brazil for acute cholecystitis or appendicitis were included. Feasibility was represented by acceptability rate and ease of integration with department protocols. Thirty-four patients were included, and 26 patients concluded the intervention (76.5% acceptability rate). Demographic factors seemed to affect the results, indicated by higher acceptability from those with lower education levels, from younger patients and from women. Few studies have evaluated the use of multimedia resources for surgical patients, and no studies assessed the use of animations as digital patient education resources in an LMIC. This study demonstrated that the use of animations for patient education in LMICs is feasible. A step-based approach is proposed to aid the implementation of patient education digital interventions. The use of digital multimedia animations as preoperative guides in LMICs is feasible. It may help improve patient education and promote clinical benefits.

Academic procrastination has a significant influence on students' lives, being related to several relevant variables, such as lower self-esteem, higher levels of academic anxiety, and fear of failure. The development and adaptation of reliable instruments help to assure a more in-depth study of academic procrastination. The present research aimed to adapt and assess evidence of validity and reliability of the scores of the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) for a Brazilian sample (N = 1241). In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the APS (25 items). In Study 2, the one-factor structure had an adequate model fit via confirmatory factor analysis. Also, through item response theory, the APS items showed adequate discrimination, difficulty, and level of information. The scores of the APS were also significantly correlated with the scores of the Tuckman Procrastination Scale, providing evidence of convergent validity.

The reasons why Brazilian civil engineering education has not achieved competitive performance worldwide remain unclear. Thus, this study aims to identify what factors influence student performance in civil engineering undergraduate programs in public institutions in Brazil. Multiple linear regression methods were used to analyse the interactions between the student performance (dependent variable) and the professors' and universities' attributes (predictors). The analysis shows that the professor's qualification and didactics are significant attributes, as are the time of the program's existence, the academic organisation (if it is annual or semester courses), and the institutions' administrative jurisdiction. The discussion presented possible explanations for each attribute's contribution. The study adds to the theory of predicting student performance in a developing country scenario, in this case, Latin America, where engineering education has less investments in academic infrastructure and human capital.

Rugby Sevens has been extensively investigated in elite athletes, but talented teenagers require more attention from sports development researchers. This study aimed to investigate a 16-week intervention of rugby training on physical performance in talented girls. Fifteen girls (14.00 ± 0.53 years, 156.27 ± 4.03 cm, 52.53 ± 5.67 kg) selected as physically talented for rugby to participate in a sport-development program were divided into two groups. The intervention group (IG) carried out two-session per week of rugby training for 16 weeks. The control group (CG) did not perform any type of physical training. A battery of physical tests was carried out before and after the intervention. A two-way ANOVA with group*time was carried out for analysis. Both groups increased their performance in countermovement jump, handgrip isometric strength, linear sprints, and 5-m multiple shuttle test (p < 0.05). However, squat jump, change of direction speed (CODS), and running anaerobic sprint test improved in IG (p < 0.05), while no difference was found in the CG. These results suggest that variables related to power output and CODS may be improved with the rugby training due to the specificity of the modality in talented girls.

Evidence points to the possibility of promoting executive functions (EF) through school interventions. Little is known, however, about the effectiveness of this type of intervention in situations of social vulnerability. This study investigated the effectiveness of an EF intervention program applied with a sample of preschool children, in a situation of socioeconomic vulnerability, assisted by a non-governmental organization (NGO) in northeastern Brazil. Participants were 46 children (mean age = 4.67 years; SD = 0.71), divided into experimental (EG = 25) and control (CG = 21) groups. The children were assessed before and after the intervention regarding measures of EF and behavior indices. The intervention was applied over 3 months by two professionals from the NGO. There was no group x moment interaction effect on the performance measure used, however, fewer difficulties were observed posttest in the EG in relation to the CG, according to the informant-based measures. From the parents' reports, difficulties in inhibitory control (IC) decreased in the EG. From the parents' and teachers' reports, difficulties in hyperactivity, conduct problems and behavior problems (BP) total indices also decreased in the EG. A simple mediation model suggested that gains in IC mediated the intervention impact on gains in BP as observed by the parents. Interventions in EF for socioeconomically vulnerable children can minimize the deleterious effects of poverty on neurocognitive development. This study shows the applicability and effects of this type of intervention in an educational context, within the scope of a community assistance social project, bringing neuropsychology and social requirements closer together.

To sing while taking melodic dictation is a strategy employed by some Ear Training students as an aid, but there is a disagreement among the literature about its efficiency. Thus, it is important to disambiguate this question examining the contributions related to vocalization. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence singing during melodic dictation can have over this activity, and to observe if this strategy contributes in a differentiated way for subjects in different development stages. An experimental study was conducted collectively with 68 undergraduates, which were divided in groups, one that was instructed to sing during dictation taking, and another that was instructed to stay in silence. Data collected were furthermore divided in sub-groups according to participants' study time. The results show that singing hinders the dictation performance, especially in students with less musical experience, because it deconcentrates and disturbs the individuals in the same room. Although, we suggest instructors to not discourage vocalization, and to recommend students to do it outside the classroom until they develop inner singing. Our study, however, counted on a reduced number of subjects. Future research with an increased number of participants could give rise to different conclusions.

This article contributes to studies of race and class in English Language Teaching (ELT) by examining the local production of meanings in pedagogical encounters mediated by global textbooks, focusing on racialized occupational hierarchies in Brazil. We seek to locate these meanings in the interpretative frames provided by the experiences of two Black, first-generation university students, which we connect to dehumanizing histories of labor relations and narrow textbook representations. The findings suggest that Brazilian ELT, through its reliance on global textbooks, presents interactional scenarios that are often the site of racial humiliation. Following Grosfoguel and Sousa Santos' conceptualization of racial oppression, we identify racialized orders of being as an analytical category that allows for connections to be made between political economy and language education, including as part of anti-racist pedagogical efforts.

The researchers designed, implemented and analyze a project to teach the contents of First Aid and Waves in English as a foreign language in Brazil using the Content and Language Integrated (CLIL) approach. Seventy participants belonging to two intact classes in a Navy Boarding School took part in the study. Both content and language teachers collaborated to plan and teach the contents. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires, class observation, and entries to teachers' diary. Overall results of the analysis of participants' perceptions on the approach used show that CLIL may be a relevant possibility in that context if certain aspects are considered carefully. Regarding the aspects related to the language of instruction, the study showed that CLIL should be implemented gradually and after students develop a certain level of proficiency in the foreign language. Regarding the aspects related to the content, it was found that participants' perception on CLIL in the First Aid class was much better than in the Waves class because the latter is perceived as being a more difficult content. This finding suggests that difficult contents might not be taught through CLIL depending on participants' language proficiency level. Finally, the study suggests that the implementation of CLIL poses many challenges for teacher practice and education that might be partially overcome through teacher collaboration.

This research adapted the Life Skills Scale for Sport (LSSS) into Portuguese and provided evidence for its construct validity. Study 1 included four translators and five academics who developed a Portuguese version of the LSSS (P-LSSS). During this study, evidence for the content and substantive aspects of construct validity was provided using an expert panel and 25 sports participants. Study 2 included 413 participants that completed the P-LSSS. Within this study, evidence for the structural aspect of construct validity was provided via factor analyses. Study 3 included 134 participants who completed the P-LSSS and a measure of motivation. This study provided evidence for the external aspect of construct validity, with results showing more self-determined motivation had positive relationships with participant's life skills development. Overall, our findings provided evidence for the construct validity of P-LSSS scores. Researchers and practitioners can use the P-LSSS to assess life skills development within sports participants.

Activities related to body donation programs, such as donor memorial ceremonies, provide the opportunity to complement student training, especially with regard to the ethical and humanistic elements involved in medical training. This study sought to assess the impact of a ceremony in honor of the body donors has on ethical and humanistic attitudes in medical students. Medical students were surveyed about their perceptions of changes in themselves, respect for donors and donor families, and their relationship with patients. The effect of the students' contact with the family of the donor was analyzed in students who had contact with the cadaver in the dissection room and had either participated or not participated in the donor memorial ceremony. A total of 370 questionnaires were answered by first-, second-, and third-year medical students at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre in 2017. The students who participated in the ceremony presented more positive responses in relation to commitment to their studies, reflection on death, and positive development of empathy when compared to those who did not attend the ceremony. Most of the students that attended the ceremony suggested the event led to an improvement in the doctor-patient relationship. These results suggest that cadaver dissection with accompanied memorial ceremony involving contact with donor families is an effective means of fostering ethical and humanistic attitudes among medical students from the beginning of the course.

The relevancy of linear algebra (LA) in different areas and also the difficulties faced by undergraduate engineering students studying this content are well known. Grounded on this premise, we aimed at articulating papers related to the teaching and learning of LA in engineering undergraduate programs through a mapping of the main investigations on the teaching and learning of LA carried out since 2000, by the Work Group Mathematical Education in Higher Education, associated with the Brazilian Society of Mathematical Education (SBEM), together with work produced between 2007 and 2018 by other Latin American studies on this subject in Mathematical Education societies with a representation similar to that of SBEM. We focused specifically on the link between the content of LA and that studied in specific courses. Methodologically, we followed the principles of Content Analysis and, based on a body of eight papers, we noted the following: (1) examples of situations through which it is possible to establish links between LA and contexts of engineering; (2) the role played out by the Technologies of Information and Communication (TIC) in the implementation of these links; (3) the importance of the concepts of eigenvalue and eigenvector in the resolution of problems of engineering; (4) the need to facilitate the mobilization of students to use different registers of semiotic representation, while working with the concepts of LA; (5) the importance of reflecting upon the (initial and continued) training of teachers who teach LA in engineering and ultimately, (6) the use of links between LA and contexts of engineering as an element of motivation for students and for their recognition of when to use them.

Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration has been seeking to become a global leader in Public Policy & Administration (PPA) education by sharing knowledge and experiences across its members and other associate programs around the world. The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region is part of this endeavor and Mexico represents a strategic partner for this network. Comparative studies of PPA higher education are relatively recent but only focus on the supply-side (programs offered by universities) among developed countries. A competency map framework was extended to considering the supply and demand-sides (universities and employers) of the PPA education market. By comparing official information of 301 master's programs between the United States, LAC region, and Mexico, this study identifies similarities/differences of general characteristics and competencies from the supply side as a first part of an investigation. The results provide insights of PPA higher education between these countries and regions with some practical implications.

Recently there has been a renewed interest in the development and use of pedagogical games, as they provide an interesting approach to the appropriation of knowledge in the context of active learning. However, most didactic games fail to completely implement a cycle of reflection and action, thereby fostering mostly lower-order thinking skills and memorization as opposed to critical thinking and problem solving skills. This limitation can be traced back to the ineffective carrot and stick approach to game design that is widely applied in the context of pedagogical games. In this article, we discuss the development of a pedagogical game in which the game elements were carefully chosen to seamlessly merge with the desired chemistry content and therefore create an engaging and fun learning experience. In particular, in order to allow complex concepts to naturally emerge from a simple set of rules, we followed the so-called European approach to game design. The resulting game, MOL (Mastering the Organic chemistry Laboratory), was tested with 77 students of ages between 19 and 21 enrolled in organic chemistry courses for chemical engineering majors and 26 students of ages between 17 and 18 enrolled in a 12th grade chemistry class. The results of these classroom implementations indicate that MOL clarifies several key concepts regarding organic reactions, particularly kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. Furthermore, they suggest that MOL can be effectively used to demonstrate how the aforementioned concepts interrelate in a real laboratory situation, therefore stimulating a sense of critical thinking.

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of human material in anatomy education depends upon the generosity of body donors. However, little is known regarding the demographics of body donors in Brazil, where voluntary body donation is a relatively rare phenomenon. Hence, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the demographic profile of applicants to the Body Donation Program (BDP) at the Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre in Brazil, as well as to assess whether the observed characteristics of body donors are unique to that sample, or if they merely reflect the characteristics of the regional population. Information derived from the specific forms filled out by donors between January 2008 and June 2016 at the time of registration were collected. Data from 416 forms were analyzed. Based on this study, the typical applicant in Brazil is typically a white female (67.4%), over 60 years of age (60.3%), unmarried or single (70.6%), affiliated with a religious group (89.1%), of middle class background (40.4%), who has completed high school and/or holds a university degree (93.8%). The motivation of donors was, in most cases, an altruistic gesture, represented by the desire to help society and science. Elucidating these demographic characteristics of potential donors may help identify the target public to which information regarding body donation campaigns could be directed.

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of tuberculosis cure indicators in Brazil. Methods: An ecological time-series study using administrative data of reported cases of the disease nationwide between 2001 and 2022. We estimated cure indicators for each federative unit (FU) considering individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and those in tuberculosis retreatment. We used regression models using joinpoint regression for trend analysis, reporting the annual percentage change and the average annual percentage change. Results: For the three groups analyzed, we observed heterogeneity in the annual percentage change in the Brazilian FUs, with a predominance of significantly decreasing trends in the cure indicator in most FUs, especially at the end of the time series. When considering national indicators, an average annual percentage change of -0.97% (95% CI: -1.23 to -0.74) was identified for the cure of people with pulmonary tuberculosis, of -1.11% (95% CI: -1.42 to -0.85) for the cure of people with tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and of -1.44% (95% CI: -1.62 to -1.31) for the cure of people in tuberculosis retreatment. Conclusions: The decreasing trends of cure indicators in Brazil are concerning and underscore a warning to public authorities, as it points to the possible occurrence of other treatment outcomes, such as treatment discontinuity and death. This finding contradicts current public health care policies and requires urgent strategies aiming to promote follow-up of patients during tuberculosis treatment in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies show the positive effects that video games can have on student performance and attitude towards learning. In the past few years, strategies have been generated to optimize the use of technological resources with the aim of facilitating widespread adoption of technology in the classroom. Given its low acquisition and maintenance costs, the interpersonal computer allows individual interaction and simultaneous learning with large groups of students. The purpose of this work was to compare arithmetical knowledge acquired by third-grade students through the use of game-based activities and non-game-based activities using an interpersonal computer, with knowledge acquired through the use of traditional paper-and-pencil activities, and to analyze their impact in various socio-cultural contexts. To do this, a quasi-experimental study was conducted with 271 students in three different countries (Brazil, Chile, and Costa Rica), in both rural and urban schools. A set of educational games for practising arithmetic was developed and tested in six schools within these three countries. Results show that there were no significant differences (ANCOVA) in the learning acquired from game-based vs. non-game-based activities. However, both showed a significant difference when compared with the traditional method. Additionally, both groups using the interpersonal computer showed higher levels of student interest than the traditional method group, and these technological methods were seen to be especially effective in increasing learning among weaker students.

The waste generated in cities has been a factor of study in recent years, but many studies focus on waste from households, and few studies address the waste from employees in their workplaces. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that influence selective collection in the work environment. Although there are many studies on the selective collection, there are few studies on the work environment. The research was exploratory with a quantitative approach via structural equations. The research sample was composed of 122 respondents from a public banking institution located in the city of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil. The questionnaire was validated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The analysis showed that the most essential criterion of the study was Subjective Standards (38.6%), in which the interviewees demonstrated that the factor that most influenced them to separate the waste was the support of their families and the direction of the monetary institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an original article that addresses the healthcare workforce (HW) in Brazil, as well as comorbidities and mental health changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and collected data through an online questionnaires from a total of 36,612 participants, health professionals (HP, with higher education level), and invisible healthcare workers (IHW, with a technical mid-level education). The overall prevalence of comorbidities in Brazil was 26.1% and 23.9%; the highest was arterial hypertension (27.4% and 31.9%), followed by obesity (18.4% and 15.1%), chronic respiratory diseases (15.7% and 12.9%), diabetes mellitus (10.3% and 10.4%), and depression/anxiety (9.1% and 11.7%), in the HW and IHW, respectively. The region with the highest frequency was the southeast, where the largest contingent of workers is located. The HW, affected with a high burden of non-communicable chronic diseases and exposed to SARS-CoV-2, proved to be vulnerable to illness and death. Mental symptoms and intense psychological suffering have been reported. These results allow us to estimate the impacts upon physical and mental health, as well as upon living and working conditions of the HW. The health and life of workers, leading role in facing health challenges of the pandemic, are a high priority in public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to analyze the effects of Brazilian Labor Market Reform (BLMR) in the short run and, based on identified changes in the economy in recent decades, to verify how these changes have affected the labor market. Four methods were used in a complementary way: (i) employment quality index; (ii) panel data estimation method; (iii) synthetic control method and (iv) microdata analysis. We observed that there was no considerable increase in the quality of employment and formal employment and the rate of unemployment did not decrease after the implementation of these changes. Part of this dynamic is cyclical and related to exogenous shocks, such as the COVID pandemic on the Brazilian economy. Finally, according to econometric analysis, the rate of unemployment in Brazil is more responsive to investment rates and the business environment than to unit labor cost and changes in labor legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Active participation of Brazilian civil society, coupled with the 2007 education development plan launched by the Brazilian government, provides an interesting example of the influences of the Dakar Goals. The two domestic initiatives share the same name, spirit and direction proposed in Dakar 2000. Here we analyze changes in the Brazilian policies and indicators related to the Dakar Education Goals. Since they were promulgated, we note: (1) an increase in enrolment over the relevant period; (2) access to primary education was nearly universal by 2000; (3) numbers of over-aged youth and adult students declined considerably during the period, but access did not expand; (4) illiteracy has been falling at a rate which, if sustained, will enable us to meet the goal; (5) gender discrimination was not apparent in Brazil; (6) most pupil proficiency indicators have deteriorated progressively from what was already a low standard. In summary, quantitative indicators did improve over the period while most qualitative indicators worsened.

Energy-yielding metabolism is an important biochemistry subject that is related to many daily experiences and health issues of students. An adequate knowledge of the general features of EYM is therefore important, both from an academic and social point of view. In a previous study, we have shown that high-school students present the misconception that carbohydrates, especially glucose, are the sole metabolic fuel for ATP production by human cells. In the present work, we investigated the possible origins of the occurrence of this misconception among students. The analysis of students' answers to questionnaires indicated that the misconception appears as soon as in the 8th grade and remains unchanged throughout subsequent school years. The analysis of grade textbooks showed that the misconception is likely to be a consequence of the teaching of nutrition in the 8th grade, when a single function is emphasized for each nutrient. The energetic function is mainly associated with carbohydrates, while proteins and lipids are considered structural and storage molecules, respectively. An extreme similarity was observed between students' knowledge of nutrient's function and textbook contents. Analysis of high-school textbooks suggested that the misconception would be reinforced because of the detailed teaching only of glucose metabolism, with rare mention of lipids or amino acids as metabolic fuels. The consequences of that approach are discussed and suggestions are made on an alternative teaching of energy-yielding metabolism. (Contains 4 tables and 6 figures.)

Objective: The world has been suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Some COVID-19 patients develop severe viral pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation and measures to treat refractory hypoxemia, such as a protective ventilation strategy, prone positioning, and the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). We describe a case series of 30 COVID-19 patients who needed VV-ECMO at the Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: We included all patients who required VV-ECMO due to COVID-19 pneumonia between March of 2020 and June of 2021. Results: Prior to VV-ECMO, patients presented with the following median scores: SOFA score, 11; APPS score, 7; Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction score, 2; and Murray score, 3.3. The 60-day-in-hospital mortality was 33.3% (n = 10). Conclusions: Although our patients had a highly severe profile, our results were similar to those of other cohort studies in the literature. This demonstrates that VV-ECMO can be a good tool even in a pandemic situation when it is managed in an experienced center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration is a part of the music industry and has increased over recent decades; but little do we know about its effects on success and evolution. Our goal is to analyze how success has evolved over collaboration networks and compare its global scenario to a local, thriving one: the Brazilian music industry. Specifically, we build collaboration networks from data collected from Spotify's Global and Brazilian daily charts, analyze them and identify collaboration profiles in such networks. Analyses over their topological characteristics reveal collaboration patterns mapped into four different profiles: Standard, Niche, Ephemeral and Absent, where the two first have a higher level of success. Furthermore, we do deeper by evaluating the temporal evolution of such profiles through case studies: pop and K-pop globally, and BR-pop and forró in Brazil. Overall, our findings emphasize the importance of collaboration profiles in assessing success and show differences between the global and Brazilian scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to analyze and systematize evidence reported in qualitative studies on the reasons and consequences of tooth loss in adults and elderly people in Brazil. A systematic review of the literature on qualitative research methods and a meta synthesis of the results were performed. The study population consisted of adults over 18 years of age and elderly people in Brazil. Searches were performed in the BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BBO, Embase, EBSCO and SciELO databases. The thematic synthesis identified 8 analytical themes regarding reasons for tooth loss and 3 analytical themes regarding consequences of tooth loss. Dental pain, care model, financial situation and desire for prosthetic rehabilitation were determining factors for extractions. There was recognition of negligence in oral care, and the naturalness of tooth loss was linked to old age. Missing teeth caused psychological and physiological impacts. It is imperative to verify whether the factors that cause tooth loss persist, and how much those factors influence decisions to extract teeth among current young and adult populations. It is necessary to change the care model through the inclusion and qualification of oral health care for the young and elderly adult populations; otherwise, the model of dental mutilation and the culture of edentulism will persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates the participation of high school students in the activities of an international conference on experimental biology. Students develop criteria to overcome difficulties with vocabulary and content and acquire updated scientific information. (Author/DDR)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ocean pollution by plastics is a growing concern for marine wildlife conservation, and seabirds are particularly prone to ingest plastics. We report baseline information on plastic ingestion in 17 procellariiform species along the coast of Brazil and Argentina. Through a collaborative regional effort we found plastic items in 30.2 % of seabird carcasses examined (n = 192), comprised predominantly by mesoplastics (5–25 mm), user plastics, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene. Considering the most representative source-site cohorts, the frequency of occurrence of plastic items varied significantly between sampling site and source of carcasses. Ingestion was highest in petrels and shearwaters. Immature birds ingested the largest number (and total mass) of plastic items followed by chicks and adults. Long-term programs applying standardized sampling protocols are needed to detect spatiotemporal patterns of plastic ingestion across species, and assess the potential effectiveness of remediation actions. Further studies are necessary to assess currently unrecognized health effects of plastic ingestion. • Plastic was ingested by 30.2 % procellariiforms from the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. • User plastics of size 5-25 mm were the most common types found. • Polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene were the most abundant polymers. • Petrels and shearwaters ingested plastics more often and in greater number. • Immature birds and chicks ingested more and higher mass of plastic items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public health policies are crucial for the well-being of the general population; however, the health systems of developed countries still do not include oral health in its system. Thus, it is necessary to understand the process of decision-making in oral health policies to create opportunities for countries to achieve an overall positive health outcome, including oral health. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the inclusion of oral health on the political agenda in Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. The study sample involved decision-makers at political, technical, and academic levels. The extracted data were analyzed using the software Maxqda® and Kingdon's theoretical model; defining interactive variables that produce a "window of opportunity" to define the agenda and the insertion of theme in formulating public policies. The decision-making process regarding oral health is influenced by many factors like the need to improve the overall oral health of the population, identified through national epidemiological studies, and the importance of individuals in positions involving political decision-making, who advocate for oral health. Strategies were developed in partnership with the academy that focused on the health rights of the population provided by law; territorial and national programs were also developed. The inclusion and creation of oral health policies depend on actors who advocate for thematic and scientific evidence to support decision-making. A close relationship between academia and stakeholders and knowledge translation is important for the development of public policies that can be effective for health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Investigacion en Enfermeria: Imagen y Desarrollo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The state of Pernambuco, in the northeast Brazil, is one the biggest bee honey producers in the country, especially in semiarid microregions called "Sertão", or hinterlands. Its unique biome characterized by xerophyte Caatinga vegetation presents a unique flora with many medicinal properties. One of these microregions, Sertão do Pajeú, has stood out for its growing honey production. The present work reported for the first time a characterization of this honey and evaluated its potential for the production of alternative nutraceutical products. Samples from Sertão do Pajeú and two other regions of the State were collected and subjected to analyses as recommended by the Brazilian legislation. As the most striking characteristics, honeys from this microregion showed darker colour, higher content of phenolic compounds and elevated antioxidant activity than that from other locations. The high content of 5-HMF, together with high diastase activity, indicated that it is an intrinsic property of this honey. And finally, fermented worts containing the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii were supplemented with honey and sucrose as reference. The results showed that samples stocked in the presence of honey presented high level of cell longevity over 60 days of storage under refrigeration. In addition, those cells became very tolerant to the simulation of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this honey greatly increased the probiotic potential of the yeast. This shows the nutraceutical potential of honey from Sertão do Pajeú. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]