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Background: It is not clear how using partial-mouth periodontal examination (PMPE) protocols affects estimates of the association between gingival bleeding (GB) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of the present study is to assess impact of different PMPEs on the association between GB and OHRQoL in 12-year-old adolescents.Methods: A total of 1,134 adolescents were evaluated for clinical and subjective variables. GB was determined by full-mouth examination (FME) of six sites (disto-buccal [DB], mid-buccal [B], mesio-buccal [MB], disto-lingual [DL], mid-lingual, and mesio-lingual [ML]) and different PMPEs were calculated using a 15% cut-off point: 1) full-mouth (MB-B-DB/MB-B-DL); 2) two diagonal quadrants (six sites/MB-B-DB/MB-B-DL); 3) two randomly selected half-mouth quadrants (six sites/MB-B-DB/ MB-B-DL/MB-DB-ML-DL); and 4) the community periodontal index. OHRQoL was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14). Adjusted negative binomial regression models were used to calculate the rate ratio of CPQ11-14 scores for each PMPE.Results: Adolescents with GB showed significantly poorer OHRQoL than their counterparts when FME was used. In contrast, more than half of PMPE protocols did not detect significant associations between GB and CPQ11-14 scores in the adjusted analysis.Conclusions: Using PMPE to assess GB in adolescents significantly affects associations with OHRQoL outcomes, depending on the protocol used. PMPEs that evaluated MB-B-DL sites of randomly selected half-mouth quadrants (1 or 2 and 3 or 4) achieved results closer to those obtained with FME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate associations between oral hygiene and gingival abrasion (GA) in a rural population from southern Brazil., Materials and Methods: A population-based sample representative of individuals from a rural community in southern Brazil was included. Individuals aged 15 years or older and who had five teeth or more present were selected for this analysis. GA extent was defined as the total number of abrasions per individual. An adjusted multilevel negative binomial regression analysis was used to investigate the associations between site-, tooth- and individual-level variables and GA. Mean ratios (MR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated., Results: Five hundred ninety-five dentate individuals aged 15-82 years were analysed. In the adjusted models, brushing more than twice a day (MR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.02-1.26) and brushing with a hard/medium-bristle toothbrush (MR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.01-1.23) were significantly associated with more generalized GA., Conclusions: The extent of GA was independently associated with greater brushing frequency and the use of a toothbrush with harder bristles in residents of a rural area., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective. To evaluate gingival and calculus status among schoolchildren 12 years of age using a geographic information system and multilevel analysis. Methods. A total of 1 002 schoolchildren were selected from 18 municipal districts by means of cluster sampling, from among 25 public and private schools in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2005. Examinations were carried out by a single calibrated examiner utilizing the criteria of the World Health Organization, as well as the Community Periodontal Index. Social, economic, and behavioral variables were recorded with the use of a questionnaire and were used in the individual analysis (first level). The variables "percentage of heads of families without income" and "percentage of illiterate heads of families" were used in the contextual analysis (second level). Results. A geographic information system was constructed for mapping the distribution of gingival bleeding. The variables were visually distinguished in the maps and demonstrated a tendency toward better gingival health in the central areas of the city, which are recognized as more privileged. On the contextual level, only the "percentage of illiterate heads of families" was significantly associated to gingival bleeding. Conclusions. The study confirms better oral health status among schoolchildren from privileged families, but does not confirm the data regarding "income." The individuals from areas in which the heads of family did not have income were not associated to a higher prevalence of gingival problems. This suggests that these individuals are reasonably protected from the impact of social privation due to the actions of public health care services in the municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with essential oils (EOs) of residual periodontal pockets. Material and methods: Sixty-four individuals with chronic periodontitis were invited to participate in this randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. All subjects received non-surgical periodontal therapy. After reevaluation (baseline), residual pockets (pocket depth ≥5 mm) received test (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with EOs) or control therapy (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with negative control). Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (R), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque were assessed at baseline and after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Differences between groups and changes over the course of time were analysed according to a generalized linear model. Results: There was a significant reduction in PPD and BOP, as well as a significant CAL gain in the two groups (p<0.001). Nevertheless, there were no differences between the groups at any time of the study. When only initially deep pockets (PPD ≥7 mm) were analysed, a significantly greater CAL gain (p=0.03) and PPD reduction (p=0.01) was observed in the test group. Conclusion: The adjunctive use of EOs may promote significant CAL gain and PPD reduction in deep residual pockets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada is the property of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada Journal (Brazil) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries, malocclusions and gum damage in five-year-old preschool children resident in areas covered by the Family Health Program (PSF). Methods: a cross-cutting study was carried out with five-year-old children examined by PSF dental health teams and as part of the Collective Procedures Program of the municipal health service of the city of Salvador, in the State of Bahia, Brazil, in 2005. The diagnostic criteria established by the World Health Organization and the Dental Health Project were used and the examinations were carried out in schools, crèches or the children's homes. Results: the investigation involved 1,3 74 children. The prevalence of caries was 49.6% and the def-d (average number of decayed, extracted or filled teeth) 1.97, most of these being cases of caries (85.78%). The prevalence of gum damage was 7.40% and for slight and moderate/severe malocclusion, 24.90% and 12.70%, respectively. Conclusions: there was a high prevalence of severe dental problems that are easy to prevent and control by way of more effective educational, preventive and curative action during primary care for preschool-aged children in the municipality. The service's is epidemiology department could help to plan and oversee such action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the possible association between periodontitis and nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Material and Methods: A case–control study was conducted at a General Hospital in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. The sample consisted of 103 individuals: 22 cases (presence of nosocomial LRTI) and 81 controls (absence of nosocomial LRTI). The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. The diagnosis of nosocomial LRTI was made in accordance with established medical criteria. Results: Invasive ventilation was much more frequent in cases (95.5%) than in controls (7.4%). An orotracheal tube was used in 81.8% of cases and in 7.4% of controls; bronchoaspiration was suspected in 81.8% of cases and in 6.2% of controls. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the clinical periodontal parameters between cases and controls. The crude odds ratio (OR) value for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was not statistically significant [ORcrude=1.70; 95% confidence interval:(0.60–4.87)]. After including age, smoking and duration of hospitalization in the logistic regression, the adjusted OR for individuals with periodontitis having LRTI was statistically significant [ORadjusted=3.67 (1.01–13.53); p=0.049]. Conclusions: A marginal association between periodontitis and LRTI was found when smoking, age and length of hospitalization were included as covariates. Patients with LRTI had a high frequency of suspected bronchoaspiration and this could explain the possible association of periodontal disease and LRTI found in this and other studies. Additional studies are needed to further clarify the possible relationship between periodontal disease and LRTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some reports suggest that the prevalence and severity of gingival overgrowth (GO) is lower in patients taking tacrolimus (Tcr) than in those taking cyclosporin A (CsA). The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of GO in a group of renal transplant recipients treated with Tcr in comparison to those treated with CsA and to evaluate the risk variables associated with the development of G O in these two drug regimens. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte City, Brazil, Demographic, pharmacological, and periodontal data were recorded for each subject. Variables from 134 subjects taking Tcr were compared to 451 subjects taking CsA using independent sample t, χ2 statistic, or Mann Whitney tests. The effects of potential risk factors on GO severity were determined using forward and backward stepwise regression analysis. Results: Subjects taking CsA showed a higher mean GO score (29.03% ± 22.9%) compared to subjects taking Tcr (16.9% ± 3.4%) (P=0.0038). In the Tcr group, 17.9% of the subjects had clinically significant GO compared to 38.1% in the CsA group (P= 0.045). In the multivariate final model, papillary bleeding index, azathioprine dosage, and concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (CCB) were significant variables associated with severity of GO in Tcr and CsA groups. In addition, previous CsA use also remained significant for GO in subjects under a Tcr regimen. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of GO is lower in transplant subjects taking Tcr compared to CsA. GO severity in both groups was strongly associated with the papillary bleeding index, highlighting the role of inflammation in this condition, Concomitant CCB use, azathioprine dosage, and previous CsA use in the Tcr group reinforces the possible synergistic effects of these pharmacological variables on GO severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Susin C, Valle P, Oppermann RV, Haugejorden O, Albandar JM: Occurrence and risk indicators of increased probing depth in an adult Brazilian population. J Clin Periodontol 2005; 32: 123–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00637.x.© Blackwell Munksgaard, 2005.There is little information about the occurrence and risk indicators for periodontal diseases in Latin America. The present study describes the prevalence, extent and severity of periodontal probing depth (PPD) and assesses the association between demographic, behavioural and environmental risk indicators and the extent and severity of PPD in this population.The target population was urban adults aged⩾30 years in Rio Grande do Sul state in South Brazil. A representative sample was selected using a multi-stage, probability, cluster sampling strategy and included 853 dentate subjects 30–103 years of age. A full-mouth clinical examination was carried out at six sites per tooth on all permanent teeth, excluding third molars, and was conducted in a mobile examination centre.Approximately 65% and 25% of the subjects and 19% and 5% teeth per subject had PPD⩾5 and⩾7 mm, respectively. 31.6%, 33.7% and 34.7% subjects had generalized, localized or no PPD⩾5 mm, respectively. Probing depth increased in prevalence with increasing age, and leveled off at around 50 years of age and beyond. PPD⩾5 mm was significantly higher in males than in females, and in non-Whites than in Whites. Cigarette smokers had a significantly higher occurrence of PPD⩾5 mm than non-smokers, and this relationship was dose dependent. A multivariate model showed that generalized PPD⩾5 mm was associated with subjects aged⩾40 years, males, non-Whites and moderate or heavy cigarette smokers (relative risk ratios: 2.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4 and 6.8, respectively).Moderate and deep probing depth was a common finding in this urban adult Brazilian population. Older age, male gender, non-White race and moderate and heavy cigarette smoking were significant risk indicators of increased PPD, and these may be useful indicators of periodontal disease high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses changes in the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis in a population of Brazilian schoolchildren in 1975 and 1996. The study was carried out in the municipality of Porto Alegre, Brazil, and included all 8- to 10-year-old children attending the second, third, and fourth grades at the same public school. Data were recorded from 233 children in cohort 1975 and from 185 children in cohort 1996. Only the children from cohort 1996 benefited from fluoridated water and regular use of fluoridated toothpaste. Caries experience was registered clinically and radiographically and summarised in DMFT and DMFS indices. The gingival status was described according to the GBI-index. Over a period of 21 years, the percentage of caries-free children increased significantly in all age groups; sevenfold at the age of 8, ninefold at the age of 9 and fourfold at the age of 10. Dental caries has almost disappeared from front teeth and premolars and was mainly located at the groove-fossa-system of permanent first molars. A seventy percent reduction in DMFS scores was observed. A significantly higher percentage of filled surfaces was registered in cohort 1975 than in cohort 1996 (P=0.001). The gingival bleeding index did not diminish during the study period, indicating that children's oral hygiene did not improve. Since the children had neither better access to dental care nor improved oral hygiene, it is tempting to believe that their access to fluorides contributed most to the marked decline in caries prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gingival cyst of the adult (GCA) is a rare entity and comprises around 0.3% of all odontogenic cysts. Due to its rarity, there are a few retrospective studies on it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present casuistic data of a 20-year retrospective study performed in a Brazilian oral pathology reference center. All cases diagnosed as gingival cyst of the adult in the last 20 years were retrieved from the files of the Oral Pathology Service. Data from the lesions and patients were tabulated and presented descriptively. From a total of 68,229 oral biopsies, 7,023 were odontogenic cysts, and among these only 20 cases were diagnosed as gingival cyst of the adult, resulting in the largest series of gingival cyst of the adult, from a single center, in the last 15 years. Most cases occurred in women, and although 53% affected the anterior mandible, 40% occurred in the anterior maxilla, which contrasts with the previous literature. Despite being a rare lesion GCA should be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis of gingival lesions presenting either in the maxilla or mandible., (Copyright © 2019 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess the association between 3 different calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (nifedipine, amlodipine and felodipine) and gingival overgrowth in patients with a diagnosis of severe refractory hypertension., Methods: One hundred and sixty-two patients with severe refractory hypertension, taking CCBs, were selected. Gingival overgrowth was graded and periodontal measurements were recorded (probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and bleeding on probing). Unconditional multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between CCB intake and gingival overgrowth after adjusting for potential confounders., Results: Of the 162 patients, 26 (16.0%) were current smokers and 101 (62.3%) were females. The mean age (SD) was 54.1 (8.5) years and the median age (range) 52.5 (39-78) years. Gingival overgrowth was observed in 55 patients (34.0%). Nifedipine was the most common medication (35.2%; 57 of 162). The results of multiple binary logistic regression showed statistically significant associations between CCB intake (exposure) and gingival overgrowth (outcome) after adjusting for the variables treatment time with antihypertensive and plaque index. Patients with gingival overgrowth were 2.5 (odds ratio = 2.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-5.82) and 4.0 (odds ratio = 3.90; 95% confidence interval: 1.47-10.35) times more likely to be taking nifedipine and amlodipine, respectively, than patients without gingival overgrowth. On the other hand, this significant association was not observed for felodipine., Conclusion: Nifedipine and amlodipine, but not felodipine, were associated with gingival overgrowth in patients with severe refractory hypertension., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is an uncommon, progressive systemic mycosis, virtually only seen in persons who have visited Latin America. Reports of oral lesions are extremely rare in the English-language literature. Thirty-six adults with oral lesions as the first sign of paracoccidioidomycosis are described; this appears to be the largest series in the dental literature. All had chronic proliferative mulberry-like ulcerated oral lesions; the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. The gingiva or alveolar process was the typical site, but lesions were also seen particularly on the palate and lip. Most of the patients proved to have detectable pulmonary involvement. Patients with lesions in the oropharynx, tongue, or floor of mouth all had confirmed pulmonary lesions.