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In the last two decades, "family farming" has been expanded and has become a reference for conducting social transformations related to the small peasantry in Latin America. In Brazil, since 2003, family farming has been politically and economically highlighted by offering subsidized microcredit to decapitalized family farmers (Pronaf). I approach the social changes experienced by small farmers in terms of their conception and day-to-day management of labor. They are inhabitants of a coffee community in the municipality of Espera Feliz. I focus on the relationship between the increasing in individual crops and the growing acquisition of agricultural machinery, effects that would be contributing to a process of individualization and competition in labor domains and thus generate debates and tensions around the characterization itself, in the context, of family farming in possible associations with the (capitalist) market. Ethnographic research was conducted among 19 family units of Caparaó mineiro/Brazil (2015-2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how babies interact with technical objects of increasing complexity. The theoretical framework deals with touch and prospective convergence between objects and subjects. In this article, the research question is: how do babies interact with objects of increasing technological complexity, activating a material dimension at the service of their individuation? Observations were carried out in France and Brazil, either in daycare centres or in families' homes with babies. A nonanthropocentric methodology is proposed - linking the body-environment system. Some episodes will be presented to show how babies activate the material dimension at the service of their individuation, highlighting the impossibility of separating the individual-environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of subjects' temporal frames of thought and action has long been central to the study of social stratification. However, theorisation of these processes has tended to focus on highly institutionalised environments in the global North. By contrast, the peripheries of Brazilian cities constitute "heterogeneous fields" of subjectivity formation, in which state institutions act in highly uneven ways and coexist with other actors and processes. To account for these contextual differences, this article proposes we reimagine linear processes of social reproduction, characteristic of structuralist models, as processes of "individuation", whereby subjects emerge through interaction with heterogeneous pre-individual fields. As they individuate, subjects encounter diverse "rhythms", generating experiences of "eurhythmia" and "arrythmia" that influence individual decisions and shape life trajectories. To illustrate the approach, these analytical tools are applied to case studies of three young people drawn from ethnographic research conducted in the periphery of São Paulo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following study seeks to demonstrate the main problems raised by the paradigm of Political Sociology in the penal field, namely in the sphere of the dysfunctionalities and the structural contradictions in the systems of penal persecution, to be revisited in Brazil in light of the very application of the current criminal legislation. To do so, we propose a critical reflection on prisons notorious for the crime of drug trafficking, before analyzing data obtained by means of observations and empirical studies carried out at the 2nd Police Station of the Metropolitan Region of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data collected on the police's activities points to a selectivity in criminal prosecution across different levels, to have invariably led to the individualization of certain punishable social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work approaches some grammatical differences in the linguistic expression of counting, measuring, aggregating, and quantity comparison and partition in Kadiwéu, a classifier language spoken in Brazil. This paper brings evidence via the grammar of comparison and partition that the counting/measuring distinction is a genuine grammatical distinction. This work also shows that aggregate nouns in Kadiwéu pattern grammatically neither with substance nouns nor with naturally atomic object nouns. That is, Kadiwéu has a specific grammatical expression for groups as atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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