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Species belonging to the family Aeolidiidae (Opisthobranchia: Nudibranchia) were studied. The specimens were collected from localities in two states of Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and Bahia). Some Western Atlantic specimens of Berghia Trinchese, 1877 were previously assigned to Berghia verrucicornis (A. Costa, 1864). The study of the specimens from the Brazilian coast allowed us to observe diverse characters, such as the presence of orange markings at the bases of the cerata, which differ from the specimens of the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic. The species B. verrucicornis is different from Western Atlantic Berghia. Our Brazilian specimens belong to a new species, Berghia marcusi sp. nov.. The species Berghia creutzbergi (Marcus & Marcus, 1970), re-described in this paper, constitutes the first record from Brazil (Buzios, Rio de Janeiro State), and new morphological data are provided for Berghia benteva (Marcus, 1958). This is the first record of B. benteva since its original description in 1958. The Brazilian specimens of Spurilla neapolitana (Delle Chiaje, 1841) were examined and compared with specimens from the Eastern Atlantic. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 153, 349–368. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult specimens of Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 were recorded from the intestines of California sea lions, Zalophus californianus (Lesson), from Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, whereas larval forms were collected from two fish species on the Argentinian coast. Adult specimens of C. australe were morphologically characterized by having a cylindrical proboscis with 18-20 rows of 12-14 hooks per row and a cylindrical trunk expanded anteriorly into a disk with tiny, triangular spines spreading almost to three quarters of the hind-trunk in males and to the posterior body end in females. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic diversity and systematic position of C. australe distributed in the Americas. Newly generated sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) gene were compared with sequences available from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses performed with the cox 1 dataset using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference showed that the 11 new sequences of C. australe recovered from the California sea lion in northern Mexico plus the six sequences from Argentinian seashores formed a clade with other sequences of specimens previously identified as C. australe. The intraspecific genetic divergence among the isolates was very low, ranging from 1 to 1.7%, and in combination with the phylogenetic trees confirmed that the isolates belonged to the same species. The cox 1 haplotype network inferred with 27 sequences revealed 18 haplotypes divided into two clusters clearly separated from each other by 5 substitutions. The first cluster corresponded to specimens from the Northern Hemisphere (United States of America and Mexico), and the second corresponded to specimens from the Southern Hemisphere (Argentina and Brazil). The current evidence suggests that C. australe has an amphitemperate distribution and is associated mainly with otariids with secondary and independent colonization events to other mammals and the Magellanic penguin in the Southern Hemisphere., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)