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Aristolochia holostylis has long been construed as constituting a single widespread and variable species, ranging across Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. However, our morphological analysis shows that populations in Bolivia, Paraguay and western Brazil differ by several constant characters of the perianth and indumentum from those in northeastern Brazil. The type specimen possesses the typical morphology of the latter populations; thus, they retain the name A. holostylis, whereas the former populations are recognized here as belonging to a new species, A. pyriflora. We provide new descriptions for both species, along with morphological comparison between them, illustration of diagnostic characters and geographic distributions, and assessment of their respective conservation statuses. The often overlooked infraspecific name Holostylis reniformis f. minor is placed in the synonymy of A. pyriflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on a recent collection, we present the rediscovery of Peperomia crypticola C. DC., a rare species only known from eastern Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. This species was now found in western Rio de Janeiro, more than 200 km apart and more than hundred years after the original description. An emended description, distribution map, color photographs of the fresh collection and comparison of the species with the closely related Peperomia lanceolatopeltata C. DC. are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the first record of Oziroë argentinensis (Asparagaceae) for Brazil, previously known from Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina. The plant was collected in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, growing between limestone rocks, and is the first record of any species of Oziroë on this substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of Brazilian Maytenus are described and illustrated. Maytenus chapadensis is endemic to northern Goiás state, where it occurs in the cerrado vegetation. The species has quadrangular, sub-winged young twigs, elliptic to obovate ascending leaves, and cymose inflorescences with a reduced peduncle. Maytenus mucugensis occurs in the Chapada Diamantina in Bahia state, where it is relatively common in the campo rupestre and cerrado vegetation. It can be identified by its profuse branching, flattened and pruinose young twigs with dense and diminutive protuberances, obovate to elliptic leaves with inconspicuous secondary veins, and cymose inflorescences (sometimes reduced to a single flower) with reduced peduncles and pedicels. Finally, the species Maytenus guyanensis is typified, and the name M. micrantha is assigned to its synonymy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City walls are very specialized environments, conditioned by human activities. There is little information about plants that invade human-made habitats, and no study done in Brazil with plants growing up on walls. The aim of the present study was to survey the wall vascular flora of a Brazilian city, comparing the diversity found in its downtown and neighborhoods. Fieldwork was done in Jundiaí, São Paulo State, where data was collected in downtown and in five neighborhoods. In each place, three transects of 1 km were established and every plant individual was registered. Twenty-eight species were identified, all of them on the downtown transect and most also on the neighborhood transects. Five species were the most frequent, although none were dominant. The diversity indicies of the six transects were not significantly different, with an overall diversity of H′ = 2.93. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]