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Objective: To identify variables related to perceived stress and resilience of international migrants., Method: Multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study carried out with 403 migrants residing in Brazil, Spain, or Portugal. The following instruments were used to collect data: Perceived Stress Scale and Resilience Scale. Student's t-test and analysis of variance were applied in the analysis., Results: Perceived stress was related to: living in Brazil or Portugal; shorter stay in the host country; being black or brown; and having no religion. Greater resilience was related to: not being divorced; having less education and lower family income; being from developing countries; living in Spain; and having a religion., Conclusion: Aspects such as host and origin country, skin color, income, marital status, education, length of stay in the host country, and religion are related to the level of stress and/or resilience of migrants. Knowing this profile is useful for developing public integration policies and interventions that seek to reduce stress and improve resilience.

Objectives: to understand how fake news has influenced adherence to Covid-19 immunization, from the perspective of health professionals., Methods: a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study was conducted in Campo Grande - MS. Twenty nursing professionals working in vaccine rooms or managing immunobiologicals participated through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, fully transcribed, and subjected to thematic content analysis., Results: two categories emerged in which the professionals highlighted an increase in vaccine hesitancy among the population, influenced by fake news and denialist actions, which negatively interfered with the population's trust in vaccines and in the professionals administering them., Final Considerations: concerns about vaccine safety and denialist actions by authorities and media outlets can contribute to the phenomenon of non-vaccination. The valorization of science, the promotion of educational actions, and raising public awareness about immunization were presented as strategies to increase vaccine coverage.

Objective: To analyze the coverage of MMR and polio vaccines, the temporal trend and spatial dependence, in children up to one year of age in Brazil, between 2011 and 2021., Methods: Ecological study with secondary data on vaccination coverage rates, made available by the National Immunization Program Information System. Trend analysis was carried out using the joinpoint method, according to geographic regions, estimating the annual percentage change (APC) and its respective confidence interval (95%CI). Choropleth maps of distribution by health region were constructed and, subsequently, the spatial dependence was verified using Moran's statistics., Results: Between 2011 and 2021, vaccination coverage declined in Brazil, both for MMR (APC: -6.4%; 95%CI -9.0; -3.8) and for poliomyelitis (APC: -4. 5%; 95%CI -5.5; -3.6). There was a decline in coverage of both vaccines in all geographic regions over the years of the study, except in the South and Midwest for the MMR vaccine. Since 2015, few health regions in the country have achieved adequate vaccination coverage (≥95.0% to <120.0%). The North and Northeast health regions showed low-low clusters in the univariate analysis for both immunobiological., Conclusions: It is urgent to consider studies like this one for the planning of more effective strategies for immunizing children, especially in areas with higher falls. In this way, barriers to access to immunization can be broken, given Brazil's heterogeneity, and access to reliable information that increases confidence in vaccine efficacy can be expanded.

Objectives: to understand how people living with HIV who have abandoned treatment face their health condition., Methods: a qualitative study, based on the Chronic Care Model theoretical precepts. Data were collected between April and August 2021, through interviews with 24 people registered in a specialized service in the Brazilian Midwest., Results: coping with the health condition included good and bad moments and is influenced by individual behaviors and the way in which the network was organized. Treatment abandonment was motivated by the absence of signs and symptoms, the way care is provided and medication side effects., Final Considerations: care actions focusing on behavior change and maintenance become necessary in order to favor continuity of treatment. Furthermore, the gaps identified in the way health services are organized are subject to intervention.

Objective: to know health professionals' perceptions about care actions provided to children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome and their families., Methods: this is a qualitative study, carried out in a capital of center-western Brazil, based on the Unified Health System theoretical precepts. Data were collected in September and October 2020, through audio-recorded interviews with 12 health professionals from a specialized service and submitted to analysis of content, thematic modality., Results: the implementation of care actions with these children occurs through multidimensional assessment of children and their families, use of the Unique Therapeutic Project, therapeutic interventions for the development of children and the communication and exchange of interprofessional and family experiences, in addition to considering professionals' prior knowledge and their search for it., Final Considerations: children with CZS and their families need individualized, frequent, integrated and continuous care.

Objective: To understand the experience of judicialization due to error from the viewpoint of nursing professionals., Method: Qualitative study with two nursing professionals sued for error in a state in southern Brazil. The data were collected between January and June 2018 through an online survey and analyzed with the Oral History technique., Results: The reports discussed the experience of error and its influence on professional practice. The perception of being unable to intervene in errors and the lack of support from institutions and professional associations were mentioned as causes of emotional suffering, a feeling of injustice, and revolt. Nonetheless, both participants mentioned receiving support from the local health sector union and hoping to carry on with their profession., Conclusion: Emotional suffering caused by judicialization is amplified by a feeling of helplessness regarding error prevention and lack of institutional support.

Objectives: to understand the spirituality and the practice of euphemism experienced by nursing professionals in the hospital scenario., Methods: a descriptive, exploratory research with a qualitative approach, carried out with 18 nursing professionals from a hospital in southern Brazil. Data collection took place from September to October 2018, through recorded audio interviews. The reports were submitted to thematic content analysis and the discussion was based on the theory of transpersonal care., Results: four categories emerged from the speeches: Motivational reflection of spirituality in the work environment; Adherence to the practice of euphemism by nursing professionals; Satisfaction and frustration in the practice of euphemism by nursing professionals and; Spirituality as an increase in human faith., Final Considerations: professionals understand spirituality and the practice of euphemism as a tool that helps in motivating the team to face difficulties at work and increase the faith of hospitalized patients.

Objective: to apprehend the guidelines provided by the interdisciplinary team to the user's family member at a Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs)., Methods: descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center for alcohol and drugs in the southern region of Brazil, using the Psychiatric Reform as a conceptual basis. Data collection took place from June to August of 2019 through semi-structured interviews with a multidisciplinary team. The data were organized and operationalized in the IRAMUTEQ® software, and submitted to content analysis, thematic modality., Results: two classes emerged: "Guidelines referring to moments of crisis and the family members' arrival to the service" and "Difficult factors and strategies to enhance the guidance to family members"., Final Considerations: The guidelines focus on pathology and the service itself. Participants highlighted embracement, the group for families, qualified listening, and cooperation with primary care as ways to enhance the service to families.

Objective: to understand the meanings attributed by the Family Health Strategy (FHS) nurses to the management competencies essential to the performance of their actions., Method: explanatory, qualitative study, whose methodological framework was based on Grounded Theory. A total of 12 Family Health Strategy nurses from a municipality in southern Brazil participated through semi-structured interviews, between December 2018 and February 2019., Results: the experience was understood by the phenomenon "Lapidating management competencies daily to play the role of a nurse in the context of the Family Health Strategy". As action/interaction strategies, the following categories emerged: "Evidencing the management skills of Family Health Strategy nurses" and "Recognizing the need for strategies to work on specificities in the context of the Family Health Strategy"., Final Considerations: according to the meanings attributed by nurses, there are several essential management skills for the work in the Family Health Strategy, but they are still little worked and developed in this context, mainly because it is a complex health care scenario.

Objectives: to discuss the (in)visibility of children with special healthcare needs and their families in the Primary Health Care scenario., Methods: experience report about the difficulties faced by researchers from different regions of Brazil to locate children with special healthcare needs in the scope of primary care., Results: the main reason for these children and their families to be "unknown" and, therefore, not assisted in PHC, is the fact that they are followed-up by institutions/outpatient clinics and specialized and/or public rehabilitation clinics, or even because they have private health insurance. Final Considerations: transferring care responsibility to the Primary Health Care teams to specialized and rehabilitation institutions may be related to the lack of knowledge of the care demands of this group, as well as to the relevance of care centered on rehabilitation and the specialty instead of the long-term care, one of the features of primary health care.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of bereaved caregivers submitted to post-loss music therapy., Method: This is a cross-sectional database from a randomized clinical trial that performed music therapy for caregivers who lost their loved ones to cancer. The following variables were used for this analysis: sociodemographic, religious beliefs, previous sound-musical experiences, and experiences related to care, loss and repair processes. Descriptive statistical analyzes were performed., Results: Of the 69 participants, 85.5% had a strong bond/secure attachment with their loved ones; 68.1% followed a long death and dying process (> 6 months), which was related to a chronic disease; 88.4% did not participate in conspiracy of silence, suggesting a satisfactory communication; 60.9% reported receiving spiritual/religious support, suggesting healthy and continent support; and all participated in funeral rites., Conclusion: The process of elaborating the bereavement of caregivers indicated the presence of protective factors.

Objective: to understand the process that leads adult and family patients to support family presence in emergency care., Method: a qualitative study that adopted Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical reference and the Grounded Theory as a methodological framework. The theoretical sample consisted of 15 relatives and 15 patients assisted at two emergency units in the South of Brazil. Data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding., Results: the central category "Convergence of ideas: family members and patients supporting family presence in emergency care" is supported by the categories: "Affectionate relationship among family members"; "Tacit obligation to care for the sick relative"; "Benefits for the family"; "Benefits for the patient"; and "Benefits for the health team"., Conclusion: family presence in emergency care provides maintenance and strengthening of affectionate bonds among relatives and the experience of more sensitive and qualified care.

Objective: todescribe the application of educational intervention performed with working men and identify, according to their perceptions, the main results obtained., Methods: a descriptive and exploratory research, of qualitative nature, developed in a municipality of Southern Brazil, with 35 metallurgists. Data were collected between March and June 2014, through the recording of the operating groups and participant observation. Transcripts and field diaries were submitted to content analysis., Results: participants intensified their interest in the search for health information, and some of them managed to implement changes in lifestyles, especially in relation to eating habits and sedentarism, and the support of the group was perceived as motivating for the changes., Final Considerations: health education activities that embrace meaningful themes for participants and are built by a cohesive group whose members support each other, favor lifestyle modification.

Objective: to measure the organizational climate in the work of professionals from Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams., Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with 458 professionals belonging to 72 FHS teams in a municipality in Southern Brazil. Data collection occurred between March and July of 2016 with self-application of the Team Climate Inventory (TCI). Data were analyzed by means of a non-parametric ANOVA., Results: "Team Participation" was the best-rated domain (8.11), while "Task orientation" was the worst (7.51). Nurses obtained the highest mean in TCI (8.05), and dentists, the lowest (7.45)., Conclusion: TCI is an appropriate and innovative tool for assessing the teamwork climate at the FHS. Identifying fragilities such as "task orientation" and relationships among professional categories of the team supports the planning of actions for organizational climate improvements and teamwork at the FHS.

Objective: Qualitatively evaluate the operation of a palliative care service in oncology., Methodology: Qualitative study conducted in a service in southern Brazil based on a fourth generation evaluation. Between September 2014 and June 2015, 460 hours of operation were observed, and 45 semi-structured interviews and five negotiation meetings were conducted; data were analyzed using the constant comparative method., Results: Potential services are: provision of outpatient palliative care, home and inpatient care provided by a multidisciplinary and support team, meeting the patient's biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs. Study limitations: ineffective communication between clinical and surgical oncology and palliative care sectors, lack of specialized training for professionals and in interpersonal relationship issues among team members., Final Consideration: For palliative care progress in the service, some arrangements are required to enhance integrality of care.

Objective: To understand the difficulties to implement patient safety strategies in the hospital environment from the perspective of nurse managers., Methods: Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study, carried out in four public university hospitals, using a semi-structured interview script, from January to March 2015. The sample was of 72 nurses. Content analysis was carried out, in the thematic modality., Results: The following categories were identified: Inadequate sizing of nursing staff; Lack of support of the top management: from policies to concrete actions and; Lack of adherence of the professionals to patient safety strategies., Conclusions: In order for the institution to succeed in the implementation of patient safety strategies, it is necessary to have a continuous and permanent education policy, to raise awareness and to involve professionals from the top management to the front line employees.

Objective: To analyze the social representations of chemotherapy and the experiences built by people with cancer., Method: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection occurred between August and December 2016, through interviews with 29 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at an institution in the northern part of Paraná State, and the Thematic-Categorical Content Analysis., Results: Four categories have emerged denoting attitudes, feelings and experiences associated with chemotherapy and the need for reconstruction of daily life, permeated by the distancing of social life and work. At the same time, we note the close ties with friends and family, as well as adaptive strategies, new meanings of experiences lived and life priority setting., Final Considerations: Cancer represents an interruption of plans and dreams, modifying everyday tasks and generating new experiences. This process facilitates giving a new meaning to the past and the reconstruction of subjectivity.

Aim: The study explored the views and attitudes of nurses and physicians on family presence during resuscitation in emergency departments in Brazil., Background: International emergency associations endorse family presence during resuscitation; however, the extent to which it is practiced remains unclear, particularly in the Brazilian context. Research of emergency staff views and attitudes towards this practice is desirable so that actions can be identified to support families at the bedside., Methods: A qualitative research was conducted. Thirty-two health professionals (11 physicians and 21 nurses) working in two emergency departments in southern Brazil were purposefully recruited in January 2015. In-depth interviews were conducted, and data were analysed using content analysis., Findings: Nurses and physicians found family presence during resuscitation controversial and the general attitude towards this practice was negative. They reported that 'changes are needed' to adapt hospital infrastructures for family presence, and to train staff to respond to the information and emotional needs of families., Discussion: Translating a family nursing framework into clinical practice involves the need for reassessing educational and management policies in clinical contexts., Conclusion: This research brings new understanding about the attitudes of some Brazilian nurses and physicians on the implementation of family presence during resuscitation and identifies the need to develop policies and strategies to improve family presence in emergency departments., Implications for Nursing and Health Policy: Hospital-based policies are required to improve family-centred care in emergency departments while providing a criterion of legality and safety to professionals to invite families to be present during invasive procedures. Also, family-focused education in health science degrees, continuing education and in the community is required., (© 2018 International Council of Nurses.)

Objective: To develop a conceptual framework that explains how elderly people from different cultures experience aging, formulate concepts and assign values to the process of aging., Method: Qualitative research conducted with 33 elderly people in a municipality of the triple border. The data were collected between February and August of 2011, using Symbolic Interactionism and the Grounded Theory as the theoretical and methodological strategy., Results: The central theme identified was: "Having to age: sociocultural practices guiding aging in different ethnicities", which was made up of sub processes that characterize the study's structural concepts: aging conceived as multifactorial (physical, biopsychic and sociocultural); Experiencing aging in the process of cultural adaptation; Experiencing aging as the continuation of life; Redefining social roles; and The culture influencing habits and customs in healthcare., Conclusion: The experience of aging proved to be a unique process for each individual and the values assigned to it are influenced by one's own culture.

Objective: to grasp the perspective of nurses on health education in the process of caring for people with Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care., Method: a descriptive study of a qualitative nature carried out with 13 nurses from the Family Health Strategy in Southern Brazil. The data were collected in November and December of 2017, through recorded interviews, which were submitted to content analysis, thematic modality., Results: three categories emerged, which show from the perspective of nurses, the influence of structural and assistance characteristics in the development of educational actions; outcomes of these actions, and possibilities to increase their quality as central to the nursing action., Final Considerations: there are still gaps in the structuring of public health policies, especially in the process of managing and caring for people with diabetes, which limits quantitatively and qualitatively the development of educational actions in Primary Care.

Objective To analyze the factors associated with the risk of ulceration in the feet of people with diabetes mellitus living in rural areas. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 293 individuals with diabetes mellitus, aged 40 years or older, living in the south of Brazil, in 2014. We analyzed socioeconomic variables, clinical conditions and foot self-care. We used the Poisson multiple regression model and the Prevalence Ratio (PR) and p-value<0.05 as a measure of association. Results 43.7% of the sample presented risk of foot ulceration. The highest prevalence of foot ulceration risk was associated with people with lower purchasing power (PRadjusted=1.62/IC95%:1.52-2.22), with retinopathy (PRadjusted=1.30/IC95%:1.12-1.68) and alteration in foot moisture (PRadjusted=1.57/IC95%:1.22-2.01). We identified low education level (64.2%), high prevalence of arterial hypertension (86.3%) and onychomycosis in the feet (72%). Conclusions Diabetic patients need an assessment of the risk of foot ulceration, especially those with longer diagnosis, chronic complications and low socio-educational level.

Objective:: identify how filial care and the relationship with the elderly occur in families of different nationalities., Method:: qualitative study carried out in a town on the triple frontier of Paraná, comprising 33 elderly people of five different nationalities, adopting the Symbolic Interactionism and the Grounded Theory as theoretical-methodological strategy., Results:: among Lebanese people, the Muslim religion teaches children to obey and respect parents; among French, distant family relationships and institutions for the elderly stand out. Paraguayans hold close family relationships; Chinese people consider filial care as a tacit obligation; Brazilians, in turn, tend to embrace and take care of their parents in old age., Conclusion:: family care prevailed, but the traditions of each society lead the actions of that care, demanding health professionals' capacity of recognizing in which context the elderly is inserted.

Objective understand the experiences of cancer patients regarding the care received and the relationship with Family Health Strategy professionals. Method qualitative research based on Heidegger's phenomenology held with ten cancer patients living in the coverage area of three healthcare centers in a city in northwestern Paraná. Data were collected at the patients' homes from November 2012 to February 2013 through open interviews. Results some patients were faced with the impersonality of professionals and lack of empathy, interaction, and singling in care whereas others had their expectations met since they experienced a comprehensive care permeated with concern, sharing of feelings, and respect. Conclusions the understanding of these experiences raises a reflection on the support that is provided in this instance of care and the importance of overcoming impersonal and inauthentic attitudes in order to transcend to a new level of relationship and care.

Objective: to identify the risk of developing diabetes mellitus among primary care users in a municipality of the Southern Brazil., Method: data were collected from October 2013 to April 2014 by applying the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score questionnaire on 189 users., Results: the majority of the interviewees presented a slight moderate to moderate risk of developing diabetes mellitus (63.5%). There was a greater prevalence of high risk among the men. The variables with a significant prevalence ratio for high risk were age, obesity, abdominal circumference, sedentarism and family history of diabetes mellitus., Conclusion: the identified risk factors for diabetes reveal the importance of the health team and how it can intervene to prevent disease.

Objective: To study the factors that influence the perception of acute pain and the consequences of this experience in patients suffering from mild trauma., Method: Descriptive qualitative study conducted in an emergency service in southern Brazil. Data was collected in October 2013, through semi-structured interviews with 29 individuals who reported pain after physical trauma, regardless of the triggering factor. To process the data, we used a Content Analysis technique, subject modality., Results: Two categories emerged: Factors that influence the perception of pain resulting from trauma and, Consequences of acute pain due to trauma. The acute pain sensation was influenced by biological, emotional, spiritual and socio-cultural factors and induced biological and emotional consequences for individuals., Conclusion: The health professionals need to consider the factors that influence soreness and its consequences for the proper assessment and management of pain resulting from trauma.

Objective: To analyse and compare the performance of tuberculosis control services from the perspective of healthcare service users in relation to family centeredness., Methods: A descriptive, quantitative and qualitative study with 89 patients undergoing TB treatment in the 15th regional health district of Paraná. Data were collected from April to June 2012 using semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were submitted to variance analysis or to the Kruskal-Wallis test and the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis., Results: The quantitative data showed that the health units performed better for the indicators 'healthcare professionals know the people who live with the user' (p = 0.1340) and 'evaluation of family members with specific tests' (p = 0.1430), while the benchmark outpatient units performed better for 'dialogue with family members about tuberculosis' (p = 0.5203) and 'treatment' (p = 0.4788). Analysis of the qualitative data produced two categories: 'family involvement in the treatment of tuberculosis' and 'disconnection of the health service from the family of patients with tuberculosis'., Conclusions: Healthcare teams should support and guide the families since they provide the care to patients undergoing tuberculosis treatment.

The aim of this descriptive and qualitative study is to analyse how acceptance of mental illness is perceived by family members of the patient and the surrounding community. This study was conducted with the help of 10 families of patients with mental disorders admitted to the psychiatric emergency unit of the Municipal Hospital of Maringá, state of Parana, Brazil. Data were collected from October to December 2010, in open interviews and submitted to thematic content analysis, resulting in three categories: "Care, a constant requirement", "Living with a patient with mental illness: a whirlwind of emotions", "A wall constructed with stigma and prejudgement: the need for deconstruction". The conclusion is that an understanding of the disease is vital for acceptance of the illness itself and of the patient, and that healthcare professionals must remain close to the family to provide support, answer queries related to the disease, and help the family to face the difficulties of everyday life.

This study analyzed stroke mortality in Paraná State, Brazil, in 2007, according to residence and place of death, using the official Mortality Information System. For deaths in individuals 65 years and older and from 45 to 64 years of age, 17.6% and 29.8%, respectively, occurred at home. An association was observed between region of residence and less than three years of schooling (OR = 3.96) four to seven years of schooling (OR = 1.75), and race or skin color (non-white: OR = 1.39). Place of death was associated with age over 65 (OR= 1.69), less than three years of schooling (OR = 1.70), and residence in municipalities other than the respective headquarters of the Regional Health offices (OR = 1.33). The results suggested inequalities in access to hospital care at the time of death from stroke, according to region of residence and socioeconomic variables. The study supports use of the Mortality Information System as a data source to back public health policies and interventions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the factors that influence quality of patient care for stroke and to verify whether the same pattern is repeated in mortality from other causes.

Background: Overweight and obesity are an important public health problem in society, due to the growth in all age groups and their association with various chronic diseases, especially hypertension, Objective: To investigate possible factors associated with changes in body mass index (BMI)., Methods: Study developed in the city of Nova Andradina, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, with 369 subjects registered in the Family Health Strategy Program in 2007. Data were collected at the subjects' homes, by using a semi-structured interview and by an anthropometric assessment. In the analysis of data, we used the Chi-square and Mantel Haenszel tests, for categorical responses, and ANOVA and Tukey tests, for continuous responses., Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 33.3% and 23.0%, respectively. Most of the individuals had the following characteristics: they were female (85.4%), physically inactive (89.7%), their waist-hip ratio (WHR) was inadequate (83.7%) and they had some chronic health problem (31.9%), especially hypertension. Risk factors for overweight and obesity may be linked to variables such as widowed status, inadequate WHR, lower income and health problems. On the other hand, high blood pressure may be linked only to obesity., Conclusion: The percentage of people that were overweight and those who did not do exercises in Nova Andradina indicates that these issues are also an important challenge for the health sector in smaller cities. Therefore, it is urgent that multidisciplinary intervention programs be implemented in primary health care.

A descriptive exploratory study was conducted in the municipality of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil to identify the profile of a group of elderly people participating in a geriatric care project in regard to socio-demographic factors and family interaction, as well as to describe how physical activity influenced their lives. The data were collected in September 2006 through a semistructured interview with 35 members of a group practicing physical activities. The results revealed the individuals were mainly females, 70 years old or younger, married retired and living with their families. They described as positive their family life, which was characterized by going out together, making decisions and experiencing few conflicts. Most of them said that the fitness activities had improved their physical and emotional health. It was concluded that besides the physical improvement, the activities created opportunities for social contacts and therefore, contributed to emotional wellbeing.

This ecological study was developed to evaluate the patterns in hospital morbidity due respiratory diseases among people over 60 years old residing in the State of Paraná, before and after the implementation of vaccination campaigns against influenza. The data about hospitalizations in the 1995-2005 period were obtained from the Hospital Information System and grouped according to health center macro-regions, month of occurrence, gender and age group. The data was submitted to Analysis of Variance and Tukey statistical tests, and showed a decreasing tendency in hospitalizations in both genders after the vaccinations started, with different levels among age groups, gender, months of the year and health center macro-regions. The risk for hospitalization was higher for males and for older patients, from June to October, and in macro-region number 3, followed by regions 4, 5, 6, 2 and 1.

Oftentimes a life of crime starts during adolescence, which represents a critical stage in a person's life. This exploratory descriptive study was conducted at the State Penitentiary of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, with the objective of identifying how prison inmates recalled their families. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview of 35 informers selected by convenience. The results revealed that the vast majority of inmates had difficult childhoods and adolescences involving financial difficulties. Nevertheless, there were few the cases in which family lack of structure could be considered as being the cause of the criminal activities that ended up in prison. Therefore, is imperative that different sectors create strategies and mechanisms related to this risk population in order to reduce violence rates in our environment.

This article reports on the methodology used by the research team of the State University in Maringá in the Baseline Study in 20 municipalities in the States of Paraná and Santa Catarina, Brazil, with more than 100,000 inhabitants each, in the implementation of the Project for Expansion and Consolidation of the Family Health Strategy. Workshops to discuss the evaluation of programs, construction and application of research instruments, site visits to supervise activities in disseminating the program, and development of a database with the local and regional scientific output were carried out. There was an obvious sense of responsibility and commitment on the part of municipal and State representatives, the majority of whom immediately agreed to the activities. They also showed interest in both the learning process and institutionalization of the evaluation. Fourteen municipalities incorporated other actors to build a support network for the evaluation of the primary health care system. The strategies contributed to the incorporation of evaluation into the planning process, indicating that training can be a constructive and powerful mechanism for institutionalizing evaluation.

The work process in the Brazilian Family Health Program (FHP) allows teams to establish bonds, accept families, and take responsibility for the registered population and identify groups at risk. Monitoring allows problem surveying and evaluation of specific measures. Considering that a key objective of controlling arterial hypertension is to reduce stroke mortality, this study aimed to identify the coverage, follow-up, and quality of care for individuals in areas with the FHP who died of stroke, based on data from the family registries (Form A), follow-up (Form B), and patient records in primary health care units. The results showed low coverage, with 33.3% of registration on Form A, follow-up of 4.9% of deaths, and absence of any annotation on the care provided in most patient records (52.4%). Analysis of care in the group confirmed the fragmentation and disconnection between the different information systems. It is essential to encourage the use of available data and improve their recording in order to institutionalize evaluation practice and work organization from a health surveillance perspective.

A descriptive exploratory study with qualitative approach was carried out in the Municipal Maternity of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, with the aim of assessing the knowledge of parents as to the rights of the partner during labor and delivery, and to find out about his experience during the birth of his child. Forty young fathers experiencing the birth of their first child were interviewed from June 15th to June 22nd, 2006. It was verified that they were unaware of their right to be present during these events, attributing their presence to the generosity of the medical team. The experience was considered as positive because of the support given to the mothers, denmystifying fears and suffering related to childbirth.

Descriptive study, developed with the objective of identifying the conceptions of health and the therapeutic itinerary adopted by adult individuals in a small city. Data was collected during the month of July 2006 using semi-structured interviews with 29 individuals. It was observed that men make fewer references to pathological problems than women, who mostly seek solution for health problems sooner, using the public healthcare system. It was concluded that there are differences between the genders when it comes to recognizing illness and seeking solutions, and that this must be taken into account by the healthcare system, in order to facilitate patient access while respecting the uniqueness and individuality.

The Family Health Program (Programa de Saúde da Familia, PSF) was conceived with the aim of fully assisting families in their social space, which requires a new professional posture. This work had the purpose of investigating the practices with families of the nurses that work in the PSF in the city of Maringá, in the State of Parana. An exploratory descriptive study with qualitative approach was carried out using for data collecting interviews, observation and documental analysis. Data were analyzed according to Bardin theoretical referential. The results revealed three categories in the Nursing practice with families: activities with individuals, activities in the community and activities at family homes. It was concluded that in spite of the fact that nurses consider families in a home context through home visits, data collecting and health education, they still focus on the disease and on the individual. Such approach has not stimulated the participation and autonomy of the families regarding care and the service.