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Purpose: This article presents the place and the role of Sociology teaching in the current Brazilian context, marked by the rise of extreme right ideologies and practices, more specifically by its ultraliberal economic bias and moral conservatism. Design/methodology/approach: Organized in three parts, it outlines, respectively, the macro political and curricular scenario, and some of its unfolding in school practices. The main effort is to reflect on the ways in which school Sociology has been--ambiguously--understood and instrumentalized in the Brazilian context. The reflections are based, besides the literature review, on the analysis of the conjuncture and political-institutional directions, on curriculum documents and on reports of teaching experiences collected during the year 2022. Findings: We verified that the extreme right advance in the public space is due to the articulation of two factors: 1) scenario of political and economic crisis; 2) structural aspects that guarantee, in the moral field, the predominance of conservatism and, in the economic field, the prevalence of ultraliberalism. With regard to education, the extreme right has had an impact in the definition of legislation that regulates the education system and on boosting surveillance and persecution in relation to teachers who distance themselves from their political ideology. Research limitations/implications: We believe that, despite having brought some data that allow us to glimpse a certain ambiguity with regard to the teaching of sociology, which can occur either in the sense of criticizing the status quo, or in the sense of reaffirming it, we believe that a more systematic research on this is still needed.

Background: Physical activity (PA) has been associated with decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population, but more consistent evidence is needed in the university population. Purpose: Investigate the association between physical activity and depressive and anxiety symptoms in undergraduates. Methods: 100 university students (23 ± 4 years, 47% female) were included in this cross-sectional study. We performed multiple linear regression analyses to investigate the association between the main variables. Results: The physical activity (MET/min/week) had a significant association with depressive (F(2, 97) = 15.104, p < 0.001; adjusted R2 = 0.222) and anxiety symptoms (F(2, 97) = 11.853 p < 0.001; adjusted R2 = 0.180), explaining these outcomes in approximately 22% and 18%, respectively. Moderate or vigorous physical activity did not have an association with depressive (B = -0.10, t = -0.700, p = 0.486) or anxiety symptoms (B = -0.11, t = 0.725, p = 0.470). Discussion: Individuals with high levels of physical activity have lower depressive and anxiety symptoms than individuals with lower levels of PA. Translation to Health Education Practice: Increasing the level of physical activity may be a viable strategy to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in university students. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars.

Purpose: Explore advisor understanding of their roles in advisory systems characterised by differing mixes of public and private funding and delivery. Methodology: A systems perspective of advisory system governance is combined with an individual perspective of advisor roles. Data from a survey of 38 Australian, 19 New Zealand, 606 Argentine and 279 Brazilian respondents were analysed for statistical differences. Findings: In all contexts, advisor priorities reflect state or industry goals. Where there is more private funding and delivery, advisors also prioritise farmer commercial goals. Under public extension funding and delivery, group methods and capacity building are emphasised to reach many farmers and realise public goals. Practical implications: Advisors play a crucial role in reconciling competing national, industry and farmer goals at the farm-level. This emphasises participatory methods and intermediary positions in the advisory system to facilitate dialogue and support farmers to realise competing goals. A policy implication is public and industry funding is needed for advisors to engage with public and industry organisations to understand and contribute to policies and objectives they will be advising on. Theoretical implications: Combining a systems perspective of country-level advisory system governance with an individual perspective of advisor roles highlights that advisor understanding of their roles are related to the public governance context in which they operate. Originality/value: The advisor understanding of their roles in the advisory system is related to different governance of pluralistic advisory systems. This contributes to articulating advisory policies and practices to support coordination and inclusion in pluralistic advisory systems.

Purpose: This paper aims to explore whether formal, non-formal, and informal learning experiences contribute to developing sustainable development competencies (SDCs) among students in a Principles of Responsible Management Education (PRME) signatory business school. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey based on the students' learning experiences and a questionnaire on sustainability competencies already validated in the literature were given to a sample of 274 bachelor students at a PRME signatory business school. Nominal variables representing students' categories were created to test a set of hypotheses developed according to the literature. Because the data was not normally distributed, non-parametric independent-samples Mann-Whitney U test was conducted, and descriptive statistics was used to help the analysis. Findings: The results suggest that a hybrid format with a combination of formal, non-formal and informal learning experiences is essential to maximising the development of SDCs and raising students' sustainability literacy. Research limitations/implications: This study is one of the first attempts to understand the importance of a hybrid approach in developing sustainable competencies (SDCs). Future studies could adopt longitudinal analysis to check the development of these competencies over time, assess students from different PRME signatory schools or comparing students to those in non-signatory business schools. Practical implications: This study provides insight into how business schools could address challenges in developing sustainable competencies through redirecting their educational systems by balancing formal, informal and non-formal learning approaches to educate future responsible leaders. Originality/value: This research provides evidence on how a hybrid learning approach could maximise the development of sustainable development competencies and, therefore, generating insights for educational policies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a behaviour intervention for child sleep problems on the mother's internalizing behaviour. Sixty-two mothers who participated in an intervention for childhood insomnia through a programme designed for parents were evaluated using the Adult Self Report. Assessments were conducted one week before and one week after treatment completion. The child sleep problem score and mother internalizing behaviour score were significantly lower after the treatment of child sleep problems when compared to the pre-treatment period. However, adjusted analyses demonstrated that only maternal adaptive functioning continued to exert a significant and independent effect on the mother's internalizing behaviour even after adjustment for maternal age and child sleep problems ([beta] = -0.518; p < 0.01). The current study demonstrated that a behavioural intervention for improving child sleep problems through a programme designed for parents also benefited the mother's internalizing behaviour.

Text mining has been used for various purposes, such as document classification and extraction of domain-specific information from text. In this paper we present a study in which text mining methodology and algorithms were properly employed for academic dishonesty (cheating) detection and evaluation on open-ended college exams, based on document classification techniques. Firstly, we propose two classification models for cheating detection by using a decision tree supervised algorithm. Then, both classifiers are compared against the result produced by a domain expert. The results point out that one of the classifiers achieved an excellent quality in detecting and evaluating cheating in exams, making possible its use in real school and college environments

The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of artisanal simulators to teach veterinary and medical students the ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy using a tru-cut needle. The artisanal simulators consisted of bovine liver between two layers of commercially available grape gelatin. Students were paired, with one doing the biopsy and the other the ultrasound guidance. After performing the biopsies, each student answered a questionnaire with close-ended questions using a visual analog scale. The evaluated items were realism of the model, liver scanning, procedure instructions, biopsy feasibility, tru-cut needle handling, technique learning,and confidence to perform in vivo procedures. Items that received a score of 7 or higher were considered strong items; items with a score between 5 and 6.9 were classified as average items; and items with a score of 5 or lower were considered weak items. The answers to all questions had an average score of 7 or higher, suggesting that the simulator was classified as strong for all of the evaluated items. Answers to question 7 suggested that some of the students did not develop confidence to perform a tru-cut biopsy on a patient. Students evaluated the artisanal simulator as a strong method to be used in ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy with a tru-cut needle. Additionally,the model presented a low cost of production and was proven accurate to teach biopsy skills in health professional schools dealing with veterinary or human medicine

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess whether the use of ELMO, a helmet for noninvasive ventilation created in Brazil, had a positive impact on the prognosis of patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by severe COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 50 critically ill COVID-19 patients. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected on ICU admission, as well as before, during, and after ELMO use. Patients were divided into two groups (success and failure) according to the outcome. Results: ELMO use improved oxygenation parameters such as Pao2, Fio2, and the Pao2/Fio2 ratio, and this contributed to a gradual reduction in Fio2, without an increase in CO2, as determined by arterial blood gas analysis. Patients in the success group had significantly longer survival (p < 0.001), as determined by the Kaplan-Meier analysis, less need for intubation (p < 0.001), fewer days of hospitalization, and a lower incidence of acute kidney injury in comparison with those in the failure group. Conclusions: The significant improvement in oxygenation parameters, the longer survival, as reflected by the reduced need for intubation and by the mortality rate, and the absence of acute kidney injury suggest that the ELMO CPAP system is a promising tool for treating ARDS and similar clinical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Life expectancy in recent decades has increased the prevalence of chronic diseases in the population, requiring an approach to new health topics, such as discussions on quality of life and expectations about death and dying. The concept of advance directives (ADs) gives individuals the opportunity to make known their decisions about the treatments they would like to receive at the end of life. Despite the recognition of relevance in clinical practice, the applicability of the concept presents challenges, including establishing the appropriate prognosis for each patient and the ideal time to approach the patient. Some prognostic tools were developed, such as the surprise question (SQ): "Would you be surprised if your patient died in 12 months?", which is used in some clinical settings to predict patient deaths and to make decisions regarding ADs. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of second-year resident physicians (PGY-2) when the SQ was applied. Method: In our observational study, from July 1, 2016, to February 28, 2017, (PGY-2) in the Internal Medicine Residency Program (IMRP) applied SQ to all patients with multiple and varied chronic no communicable comorbidities, who were followed up at the general medicine outpatient clinic (GMOC) of a tertiary university hospital in São Paulo- Brazil. The frequency of the outcome (death or non-death within 12 months) was analyzed by correlating it with the clinical data (impact of the studied variables). Results: Eight hundred forty patients entered the study. Fitfty-two of them (6.2%) died within one year. PGY-2 predicted that two hundred and fourteen patients (25.5% of total) would die within a year (answer No to SQ), of which, 32 (14.9%) did so. The correct residents' prognosis for the subgroup of 626 patients (answer "Yes" to SQ) was NPV = 96.8% (CI = 95.4%-98.2%) and PPV = 14.9% (CI 10.1%-19, 6%). Answering "Yes" to SQ correlated negatively to addressing AD while the outcomes death and the answer No to SQ were positively correlated, according to the number of comorbidities. Conclusion: The SQ, in addition to care, contributed to health education, communication and care planning shared by the doctor and patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xenogaster Wasmann is a Neotropical genus of termitophilous rove beetles with 11 known species. During recent surveys in Southeastern Brazil, we collected a new species of this genus, Xenogaster lugens Pires-Silva and Zilberman sp. nov., herein described. This new species is known only from an intermediate stage of development, which prompted a discussion about the range and underestimation of the phenomenon of post-imaginal growth in Termitogastrina (Corotocini). A redescription of X. pilosula Seevers, and comparisons between its stenogastric and physogastric stages are also presented and used in the final discussion on the taxonomical and evolutionary significance of this phenomenon under the frame of the knowledge of post-imaginal growth in the subtribe and also Corotocini in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of riparian ecosystem functions such as reducing chemicals are associated with high soil moisture conditions. Finding easy-to-measure riparian features that indicate soil moisture regime in riparian ecosystem may of use in environmental management. In this study, we answered the following question: can streambank height, on which these riparian zones are, indicate soil moisture regime? By measuring soil matric potential (0.15–0.9 m depth) and water table depth on a weekly basis at three forested riparian zones on different bank heights (low, moderate and high) and under a similar soil type, we demonstrate that riparian zones on high-to-moderate streambank height (h ≥ 1 m) generally have lower water table compared to riparian zones on low streambanks (h ≤ 0.3 m). This difference on water table depth led to significant differences in soil matric potential as water table depth lowers. However, in order to predict soil moisture regime more accurately, streambank height must be associated with a detailed field description of local factors such as soil type which can help in explaining deviations from the expected pattern of soil moisture as shown in moderate and high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trend studies on the model of birth in Brazil show a scenario of successive linear increases in cesarean rates. However, they ignore possible changes in the temporal evolution of this delivery modality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate possible inflection points in cesarean rates in Brazil, its macro-regions, and federated units, as well as to estimate projections for 2030. A time series with information on cesarean sections from 1994 to 2019 from the SUS Department of Informatics was used. Autoregressive integrated moving average and joinpoint regression models were used to obtain cesarean rate projections and trends, respectively. Caesarean rates showed a significant upward trend over the 26 study years at all levels of aggregation. On the other hand, when considering the formation of segments, a stabilization trend was observed both in the country and in the South and Midwest regions, starting in 2012. Rates tended to increase in North and Northeast and significantly decrease in Southeast. Projections show that in 2030, 57.4% of births in Brazil will be cesarean, with rates higher than 70% in Southeast and South regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes and discusses the use of focus groups and questionnaires to evaluate educational printed material for high school level art teachers prior to publication. The material consisted of "The Notebook of the Investigative Teacher," created by the Instituto Itau Cultural to help teachers develop critical skills in discussing contemporary artists with high school students. Based on a partnership between two Brazilian institutions, our study demonstrates how the evaluation process should be a crucial component of both material development and revision. (Contains 10 notes.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of oral and maxillofacial pathology laboratories (OMPLs) in Brazilian public universities to the diagnosis of lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A cross-sectional study was performed using biopsy records from a consortium of sixteen public OMPLs from all regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Central-West, Southeast, and South). Clinical and demographic data of patients diagnosed with lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCC between 2010 and 2019 were collected from the patients' histopathological records. Of the 120,010 oral and maxillofacial biopsies (2010-2019), 6.9% (8,321 cases) were diagnosed as lip (0.8%, 951 cases), oral cavity (4.9%, 5,971 cases), and oropharyngeal (1.2%, 1,399 cases) SCCs. Most cases were from Brazil's Southeast (64.5%), where six of the OMPLs analyzed are located. The predominant profile of patients with lip and oral cavity SCC was Caucasian men, with a mean age over 60 years, low schooling level, and a previous history of heavy tobacco consumption. In the oropharyngeal group, the majority were non-Caucasian men, with a mean age under 60 years, had a low education level, and were former/current tobacco and alcohol users. According to data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, approximately 9.9% of the total lip, oral cavity, and oropharyngeal SCCs reported over the last decade in Brazil may have been diagnosed at the OMPLs included in the current study. Therefore, this data confirms the contribution of public OMPLs with respect to the important diagnostic support they provide to the oral healthcare services extended by the Brazilian Public Health System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the profile and overall survival of young adults and elderly people diagnosed with SCC. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at a High Complexity Oncology Unit, between 2010 and 2016. A descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis using the chi-square and Fisher's exact test and the Kaplan-Meier estimator were performed. The predictor variables were tested using the log-rank test and those with statistical significance and the literature were maintained for the Cox regression model. Results: 282 cases of SCC were recorded, with only 12.4% diagnosed in young adults. The profile was similar between groups, with the majority of cases of the disease occurring in males, smokers and alcohol consumers. The lesions predominantly located on the tongue and were diagnosed in an advanced stage of the disease, resulting in 35.7% of deaths. The median survival time was 30 months in the elderly and 31 months in young people. In the multivariate analysis, age was not statistically significant, only staging and treatment were predictors of reduced overall survival. Conclusion: Tumor staging, and treatment were prognostic factors for the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of the women in prisons comes from the poorest strata of society with limited access to education, income and health services. This contributes to the fact that female prisoners have a higher burden of adverse health events than both male prisoners and women in general population We objectived to estimate the prevalence of different morbidities and risk factors among female prisoners in Brazil. A total of 1,327 women were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a using audio computer-assisted self-interviewing questionnaire, rapid antibody tests and physical examination. The higher prevalences was of syphilis, infection sexually disease, arterial hypertense, asthma, common mental disorders and severe physical violence. Regarding risk factors, 36.3% have good knowledge about HIV, 55.8% were smokers, 72.3% had ever used any illicit drug, 92.1% are sedentary and 92.1% maintained an unhealthy diet. Female prisoners are disproportionately affected by various adverse health conditions. There is a need for an effective surveillance system inside prisons for early diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this document, we present to the scientific community a proposal on how to deal with the challenge imposed on surveillance and health actions in Brazil regarding monkeypox, including points and directions that have the potential to support learning and enable advances in the current scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to reflect on the current health challenges of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, intersex, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTI+) within the Brazilian scenario. This study adopted a triangulation approach, based on two studies developed in the Southeast and South of Brazil, which included policy analysis and qualitative research on the perceptions of key actors from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) - LGBTI+ users, workers, and managers. All data were analyzed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The main problems faced by the LGBTI+ population were registered, indicating some of the necessary progress. Some of these challenges include: access of the LGBTI+ population to SUS; the need to train health professionals; the decentralization of health services sensitive to the LGBTI+ population; the distinct forms of violence and discrimination; the lack of research in health care conducted with specific groups, such as lesbians, bisexuals, intersex, and other sexual minorities. The results reinforce the urgency for the complete implementation of the "National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of LGBT". The recognition of the LGBTI+ health needs will aid in achieving the principles which are the guiding principles of SUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of plant performance and the accuracy of genetic selection can be significantly affected by genetic competition among individuals. In addition to genetic causes, competition is influenced by external factors such as environment and age. This research uses multi-location multi-age Eucalyptus dunii trials to answer four questions: i) Are there major changes when competition effects (both genetic and residual) are estimated in single-age and multi-age models? ii) What are the implications of considering competition effects on the early selection of eucalypt clones? iii) What are the impacts of considering the reliability of direct (DGE) and indirect genotypic effects (IGE) as a weight in a selection index?, and iv) Which clones hold the potential to form highly productive clonal plantations in Southern Brazil when deployed together as clonal composites? The dataset contained three trials established in different locations in Southern Brazil, where growth traits were measured at 3.5 and 7 years. We fitted single-age and multi-age spatial competition models for each trial. The multi-age spatial competition model was a valuable tool for selecting superior eucalypt clones. Neglecting the IGEs led to changes in clone ranking, reducing the effectiveness of early selection. Additionally, a selection index where DGEs and IGEs are weighted by their reliability was proposed. Therefore, our study contributes to understanding the magnitude of IGE's impact on the daily practice of eucalypt breeding, such as early selection and multi-age analyses, and proposes selection strategies that consider the quantity and quality of information provided by the models for each individual. • Indirect genotypic effects can impact the ranking and mislead the early selection. • Multi-age spatial competition model yielded higher accuracy than single-age models. • The reliability of direct and indirect genotypic effects should be considered as a weight in a selection index. • The trade-off between direct and indirect genotypic effects can be used to recommend genotypes to Southern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turismo: Visão e Ação is the property of Turismo-Visao E Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study was multicenter with a qualitative approach, which sought to identify the elements that can increase or reduce the workloads of the Family Health nurse. Forty nurses were interviewed, from 36 teams from five regions of Brazil, considered successful according to the requirements of the National Policy of Primary Care and with good evaluation in the National Program for Improvement in Primary Care Access and Quality. Data collection was performed by instrument triangulation, using a semi-structured interview, observation and documentary study, from 2013 to September 2016. The findings were analyzed based on the Thematic Content Analysis and categorized with the help of Atlas.ti software. It was identified that the elements that most influence the increase of the workloads are the precariousness and deficits in the work environment, materials and equipment, added to the numerical deficit of the workforce and the excess of health care demand. However, teamwork, recognition for the performed work, bonding with users and good interpersonal relationships, all contribute to reduce the workloads. We highlight the dialectic present in the elements of the work process. They can increase or decrease workloads influenced by objective conditions, the moment and way they are handled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo is the property of Associacao Nacional de Pesquisa e Pos-Graduacao em Turismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calidoscópio is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metal and nutrient pollution, soil erosion, and alterations in climate and hydrology are prevalent issues that impact the water quality of riverine systems. However, integrated approaches to assess and isolate causes and paths of river water pollution are scarce, especially in the case of watersheds impacted by multiple hazardous activities. Therefore, a framework model for investigating the multiple sources of river water pollution was developed. The chosen study area was the Paraopeba River basin located in the Minas Gerais, Brazil. Besides multiple agriculture, industrial, and urban pollution sources, this region was profoundly affected by the rupture of the B1 tailings dam (in January 2019) at the Córrego do Feijão mine, resulting in the release of metal-rich waste. Considering this situation, thirty-nine physicochemical and hydromorphological parameters were examined in the Paraopeba River basin, in the 2019–2023 period. The analysis involved various statistical techniques, including bivariate and multivariate methods such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and clustering. The Paraopeba River was mainly impacted by metal contamination resulting from the dam collapse, whereas nutrient contamination, mainly from urban and industrial discharges, predominantly affected its tributaries. Additionally, the elevated concentrations of aluminum, iron, nitrate, and sulfate in both main river and tributaries can be attributed to diffuse and point source pollution. In terms of hydromorphology and soil type, the interaction between woody vegetation and erosion-resistant soils, especially latosols, contributes to the stability of riverbanks in the main river. Meanwhile, in the tributaries, the presence of neosols and sparse vegetation in urbanized areas promoted riverbank erosion potentially amplifying pollution. While the study was conducted in a particular watershed, the findings are based on a methodology that can be applied universally. Hence, the insights on surface water quality from this research can be a valuable resource for researchers studying watersheds with diverse pollution sources. [Display omitted] • A framework model for relating water quality to hydromorphological variables was used. • Principal component analysis as a tool to discriminate the various pollution sources. • The combination of woody vegetation and latosols promotes riverbank stability. • Metal and Total Suspended Solids in the main river resulted from the dam collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrated in the northern region of Brazil, the country's 250 isolated systems represent around 1% of the national energy consumption and have been historically supplied by diesel power plants, an expensive solution that relies on complicated logistics and is responsible for high GHG emissions. Although many publications indicate that renewables are already a cost-effective solution, especially for economies dependent on expensive fuels, the conventional generation is still the main source of electricity on isolated systems, even in recent projects. This paper presents suggestions of public policies to stimulate the use of environmentally friendly energy sources at off-grid places in Brazil and discusses the probable reasons why this transition has not been driven yet, including barriers related to subsidies, energy tariffs and tax rules. To evaluate these policies, a multicriteria decision model was developed using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) methods, combined with fuzzy logic. Eighteen criteria were assessed, and ten specialists were interviewed. The study concluded that pilot projects of hybrid power plants, combining diesel engines and renewable technologies, would be the most effective policy. Other relevant policies pointed as relevant were the simplification of environmental licensing for projects based on renewables and the adoption of a more mandatory energy planning. • Diesel is the main source for electricity generation in Brazilian isolated systems. • Many studies suggest that renewables are already cost effective in these systems. • Six public policies are proposed to promote renewables in isolated systems. • An MCDM model (AHP-fuzzy-TOPSIS) is developed to evaluate the policies. • The policies are ranked according to their contribution to the target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article eevaluates delivery and birth care practices in maternity facilities in Brazil's North and Northeast regions. We conducted a qualitative evaluation of 91 facilities in the North and 181 facilities in the Northeast. The data was collected using systematic observation by a team of 44 previously trained evaluators and recorded in a field diary. A thematic analysis of the collected data was performed, resulting in three core themes: challenges of collegial management; challenges for coping with obstetric violence; and the potential of the evaluation process for driving change. Advances were made in the implementation of good labor and childbirth care practices; however, some maternity facilities still reproduce hierarchical models without spaces for collegial management and accounts of obstetric violence were common. Health professionals used the presence of risk to justify the low level of adoption of good practices. However, the findings reveal progress towards the humanization of care. The results also show the potential of the evaluation process for driving change. Although progress has been made towards the adoption of the good practices recommended by the Stork Network Program both in the area of management and care delivery, many challenges remain in view of the dominance of a hierarchical management model associated with an interventionist approach to health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the opinions of a group of women regarding the standard of care at maternity facilities attached to the Ministry of Health's Programa Rede Cegonha or Stork Network Program. The women's views were obtained from a questionnaire administered to 10,665 puerperal women between 2016 and 2017 as part of the survey Evaluation of good labor and childbirth care practices in maternity facilities covered by the Rede Cegonha, conducted by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation and Maranhão Federal University. Consisting mainly of closed-ended questions, the questionnaire contained an optional open-ended question at the end that allowed women to talk freely about the standard of care received in the maternity facility. Of the 10,665 puerperal women interviewed, 2,069 gave their opinions. We undertook a critical reading of the opinions identifying four core themes, which were discussed in the light of the relevant literature: puerperal woman/health team relationship; puerperal women's right to information; presence of a companion; and quality of hospital services and facilities. Giving both praise and criticism, all the women reiterated the importance of improving the quality of public health services to ensure the humanization of childbirth in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the birthplace of preterm infants with less than 34 gestational weeks at birth by type of neonatal care service in maternity hospitals of the "Rede Cegonha" and estimate the maternal factors associated with the inadequate place of birth for gestational age. This national cross-sectional study was performed in 2016/2017 to evaluate health establishments with the Rede Cegonha's action plan. Information was analyzed from 303 puerperae and the respective health establishments of their births. Newborns were classified by gestational age at birth (<30 and 30-33 weeks) and health establishments as hospitals with neonatal intensive care service, hospitals with intermediate neonatal care service, and hospitals without neonatal care service. Ministerial Ordinance N° 930/2012 was used to classify the birthplace as appropriate for the newborn's gestational age. Preterm birth prevalence was 37.3 at less than 30 weeks' gestation and 66.8 at 30-33 weeks. Birth in inappropriate services for the newborn's gestational age occurred in 6.3%, with significant regional and social differences. Inequalities in access to neonatal care for preterm infants persist in the "Rede Cegonha" despite advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 impacts on the activities of researchers in the field of Oral Medicine (OM) and Oral Pathology (OP). To assess the research activities and training of human resources by Brazilian productivity fellows in research (BPFR) in OM and OP in the COVID-19 Era. Material and Methods: Thirty-six BPFR in OM and OP areas, funded by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), received a virtual structured questionnaire by e-mail, on the Google Forms (Google®) platform, with questions regarding research activities and training of human resources (supervision of undergraduate and postgraduate students), during the COVID-19 pandemic. From the thirty-six BPFR in OM and OP, twenty-seven (75.0%) answered the questionnaire. Results: Most of them were males (n=20; 74.1%) and were distributed in four Brazilian regions and ten states of the federation, including the Federal District. Twenty-four (88.9%) BPFR reported having suspended clinical activities, while sixteen (59.3%) answered that histopathology practices are suspended. Twenty-five (92.6%) BPFR mentioned difficulties in conducting research projects and 55.5% stated having no difficulties in the supervision of undergraduates, master's and PhD students. Conclusion: The current scenario may significantly impact the diagnosis of oral diseases in Brazil. Moreover, a decrease in the scientific production of BPFR in OM and OP in the coming years is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumors of the maxillomandibular complex are a heterogeneous group of lesions with a wide spectrum of clinical and histopathological characteristics. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of odontogenic and non-odontogenic tumors associated with maxillary bones in a Reference Center for Oral Lesions. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the medical records of a Reference Center for Oral Lesions at the State University of Feira de Santana, from 2006 to 2018. The data was initially analyzed in a descriptive manner. For bivariate analysis, Pearson's chi-square test was applied. The level of significance was set at 5%, where p≤ 0.05 is considered significant. Results: The prevalence of tumors was 2.27%. The average age of the individuals was 22.2 (± 15.1) years, the majority being up to 39 years (79.59%) and female (69.40%). A statistically significant difference was observed in relation to age (p = 0.00), as well as regarding the location of tumors in the anterior or posterior region (p = 0.02). Odontogenic tumors were benign, with odontoma being most frequent (46.90%), followed by ameloblastoma (16.30%). As for the non-odontogenic, neurofibroma (4.10%) and osteoma (4.10%) were the most common across the benign, while osteosarcoma accounted for 6.10% of cases. Conclusion: Odontogenic tumors were the most frequent in women, with age up to 39 years, odontoma being most common in the posterior region of the mandible. Among nonodontogenic tumors, central neurofibroma and osteoma were the most common. Osteosarcoma was more frequent in men over 40 years old and in the mandible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The first case of COVID-19 was reported in China in December 2019, and, as the virus has spread worldwide, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. Estimates on the number of COVID-19 cases do not reflect it real magnitude as testing is limited. Population based data on the proportion of the population with antibodies is relevant for planning public health policies. We aim to assess the prevalence of SARSCoV- 2 antibodies, presence of signs and symptoms of COVID-19, and adherence to isolation measures. A random sample comprising 133 sentinel cities from all states of the country will be selected. Three serological surveys, three weeks apart, will be conducted. The most populous municipality in each intermediate region of the country, defined by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, was chosen as sentinel city. In each city, 25 census tracts will be selected, and 10 households will be systematically sampled in each tract, totaling 33,250 participants. In each household, one inhabitant will be randomly selected to be interviewed and tested for antibodies against SARSCoV- 2, using WONDFO SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test. By evaluating a representative sample of Brazilian sentinel sites, this study will provide essential information for the design of health policies. O COVID-19 é causado pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, sendo o primeiro caso relatado na China em dezembro de 2019. O vírus se espalhou pelo mundo, levando a Organização Mundial da Saúde a declarar uma pandemia. As estimativas do número de casos de COVID-19 não refletem sua magnitude real, pois os testes são limitados em muitos países. Dados populacionais sobre a proporção da população com anticorpos são relevantes para o planejamento de políticas públicas de saúde. Nosso objetivo é avaliar a prevalência de anticorpos SARS-CoV-2, a presença de sinais e de sintomas de COVID-19 e a adesão a medidas de isolamento. Uma amostra aleatória composta por 133 cidades sentinelas de todos os estados do país será selecionada. Serão realizados três levantamentos sorológicos, com três semanas de intervalo. Em cada cidade, serão selecionados 25 setores censitários e 10 famílias serão amostradas aleatoriamente em cada setor. Em cada domicílio, um habitante será selecionado aleatoriamente para ser entrevistado e testado para anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2, usando o Teste de Anticorpo WONDFO SARS-CoV-2, que foi validado antes do trabalho de campo. Ao avaliar uma amostra representativa dos locais sentinela ao longo do tempo, este estudo fornecerá informações essenciais para o desenho de políticas de saúde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografía is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)