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Copyright of Ciência & Trópico (03042685) is the property of Fundacao Joaquim Nabuco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Racialized social inequality is considered a structural problem in Brazil and has been a political priority of recent progressist governments. This understanding is not backed up by the so-called New Right, who understands inequality as an inherent principle of a God-given "order" and question of personal capability and merit. In this study, I explore the ideological roots of this powerful Rightist narrative by looking at the Brazilian canon of traditional conservative thought and its influence on New Right discourse. The results show that the core ideas stem from neo-Thomist interpretations of late-scholastic scholarship, which were promoted in Brazil through the Vatican's integrist reaction to modernization during the First Republic. Since then, Brazilian conservatives have successfully used these religious legitimizations of naturalized inequality to constrain State-driven social reformism and join forces with neoliberalism through the invention of the supposed late scholastic roots of the Austrian School of Economics. After redemocratization, a recycled version of this liberal-conservative claim for less "State" and more "Brazil" (as guided by theocratic traditional order), promoted mainly by the philosopher and online influencer Olavo de Carvalho, has fueled the desecularizing discourse of the New Right and their attempt to conserve the colonial social hierarchy in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the population status of crocodylians in protected habitats and providing more information on their distribution and population structure are of utmost importance for conservation strategies for these organisms. Although Caiman latirostris is widely distributed throughout Brazil and South America, information on its populations is still scarce, particularly within protected areas. In this study, we sampled various water bodies within the protected area of Rio Doce State Park (RDSP), to investigate patterns of density and population structure of C. latirostris. We assessed the caimans’ density through spotlight night counts across five lakes within the RDSP, capturing the animals whenever possible for biometric measurements. Our results showed a relative abundance (encounter rate) of 4.01 individuals per kilometer across the water bodies in the RDSP. We found significant differences in the relative abundance of caimans between the studied lakes (p < 0.01). Our findings reveal a heterogeneous distribution of C. latirostris across the study area, which can result from the combined effect of resource availability, anthropogenic impacts, and caiman social hierarchy. The resource availability, historical human activity, and caiman social hierarchy of the different water bodies may have influenced the observed distribution of C. latirostris inside the protected area, but future long-term studies can clarify this pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominance hierarchies are typically stable, with dominants occupying central positions in social interaction networks. However, system perturbations, such as the removal of individuals, may cause instability, which varies according to the group's resilience. If the hierarchy undergoes a restructuring, this can occur through a dynamic process of self-organization (Social Dynamics hypothesis) or through the influence of individuals' attributes (Previous Attributes hypothesis). We analyzed the resilience of the white-lipped peccary hierarchy after the alpha's death and observed how the rise of a new dominant occurred. Additionally, we evaluated the validity of these two hypotheses in the restructuring of the system. We observed the group of white-lipped peccary males of the Municipal Zoo of Curitiba, PR, Brazil, from May to October 2018. We recorded and analyzed the agonistic and affiliative interactions, and we collected data from the attributes: weight, testicle size, testosterone serum and age, before and after the dominant's death (August). Due to this perturbation, the hierarchy started to show instability, but proved to be resilient. There was an increase in agonism and more than one individual pleading for the new dominant position, which was occupied by a subordinate male. Affiliative interactions were also important in the rise of the new alpha. The hierarchy was well ordered by the social dynamics among individuals, but weight and testicular volume were also correlated with the status of the individuals before, and with the serum testosterone after the alpha's death. Thus, both hypotheses affected the restructuring of this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses how societal inequalities shape market arrangements. While business scholars developed important work about the interplay of organizations and societal economic inequalities, less has been said about the embeddedness of markets in unequal social structures. We argue that this issue may be addressed by cross-fertilizing the sociological approach of Bourdieu and the Strategic Action Fields perspective. To demonstrate our view, we assessed the extreme case of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling markets in Brazil, conducting a qualitative study based on the precepts of abductive analysis and using data from different secondary sources, interviews, and participant observation. We verified the existence of correspondences between the power of strategic action fields and the positions the individuals controlling them occupy in what Bourdieu calls the social space and show how these differences enable inter field connections that tend to reproduce social hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text presents reflections from studies on racial relations and racialization developed in the last decade by the author. The historical method was used in an exploratory research that identifies representations of the black body in Brazilian society. The objective was to understand the fluids produced by this body - blood, sweat, tears, milk, saliva and semen - which tell the story of a diaspora. The analogy of the country as an engine will be used to give meaning to the fluids of the black body, used to move the gears of Brazilian development. The result reveals, from these fluids, a structural process that is perpetuated over time, always gaining new meanings and resignifications. Fluids, therefore, express a place in the social hierarchy attributed to the black population in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tested the hypothesis of the existence of male morphotypes in Macrobrachium acanthurus, a species of recognized economic potential, with an extensive geographic distribution. The collections occurred on eight occasions between July 2016 and March 2018 at seven points along the Jequitinhonha River, state of Bahia, Brazil. The identification of male morphotypes occurred through morphological and morphometric analyses. In total, 297 males were collected. The carapace length (CL) ranged from 4.6 to 41.81 mm, with a size at onset of maturity estimated at 11.85 mm. The morphological and morphometric analyses confirmed our hypothesis with the distinction of three morphotypes: M1, M2, and M3. M1 was characterized by males with chelipeds similar to those of females: relatively small, with tiny spines and without pubescence in the dactylus; M2 males had chelipeds larger than those of M1, as well as larger and denser spines, with little pubescence in the dactylus; and M3 individuals had considerably more robust chelipeds, very prominent spines and a thick layer of pubescence when compared to those of the previous morphotype. Our results suggest a social hierarchy where M1 is subordinate, M2 subdominant, and M3 the dominant morphotype. However, behavioural studies are needed to confirm this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ethnographic approach to consumption practices of upper-class young-adult women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, shows how shopping and selling experiences are seen as opportunities for owners, staff, and customers to build social relations. As a consequence, the belt of trust that is built through such transactions creates a network of stores, women, brands, and goods attached by strong reciprocity ties. This also produces a distinction between shops that are "cozy," and the ones that are bureaucratic and "open to everyone." Among such practices, informants reproduce the particular Brazilian rite of asking "Do you know who you are talking to?" to reinforce local social hierarchies and distinctions, a rite that was previously analyzed by the anthropologist Roberto DaMatta. While consumption practices are often seen as some sort of North Americanization of the world, we argue for the importance of ethnographic accounts that map local forms of appropriation and particular power dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Direito e Práxis is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to reflect upon the work of the Brazilian poet Cecília Meireles and the North-American photographer Genevieve Naylor during the II World War. Both women experienced the international conflict, but they have also experienced other wars during the first years of the 1940s: the daily war of social hierarchies; racism. The photographer and the poet were part of the program known as "The Good Neighbor Policy". Meireles used to work as the editor of the journal Travel in Brazil for the DIP, an organ of Vargas's government. In 1941 she traveled to the United States to conduct lectures about popular culture. Meireles has also presented aspects of the Afro-Brazilian culture on poems and other texts. Genevieve came to Brazil in 1940 and stayed here until 1942. Her photos show images related to the popular culture - especially Afro-Brazilian - and to the daily life. Both artists amplify the images of Brazil during the middle of the XX century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Discussion Papers is the property of Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia: Questoes & Debates is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Brazil is a highly unequal and socially segregated society. Within this context, Brazilians’ everyday lives are marked by the constant reading of bodies: Who is/could be/looks dangerous? Who should be avoided? Poor working-class people are painfully aware of readings merging poverty and criminality. Based on ongoing ethnographic fieldwork among middle-class and lower-income persons in southeastern Brazil, this photo essay investigates some visual mechanisms at play in processes of social categorization. With a point of departure in the rhetorical question ‘Have you ever seen a thief wearing a uniform?’ uttered by unskilled workers at moments when their moral status is questioned, this essay examines the dynamic tensions linking physical appearance, morality and social hierarchies in contemporary Brazil. It highlights some of the ways through which unskilled workers’ uniforms can be a marker of both marginality and morality as they provide a visual basis for classism in everyday interaction and signal, in other situations, group affiliation, honesty and worker pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Sociologia e Política is the property of Revista de Sociologia e Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay argues that late colonial elites did not use color alone to construct their hierarchical society in Brazil. It begins with Portuguese concerns about religion, quality and nation that informed their discourses, thus forging a complex society in which Christian men of quality ruled at the top of society. However, it notes that Brazilians integrated enslaved black and indigenous women into their households, while subjecting them to harsh labor demands and concubinage.