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Objective: The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a 15‐item unidimensional scale, designed to assess eating practices that occur in the pursuit of a muscular body. The aim of the present study was to describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the MOET to Brazilian Portuguese, to explore its factor structure and measurement invariance, and to evaluate its internal consistency, three‐week test–retest reliability, and convergent validity in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Method: After the back‐translation procedure, the Brazilian MOET was administered online to a sample of 1246 adults (634 men and 612 women), along with measures of drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating behaviors, and exercise dependence. Results: Findings from an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one‐factor structure and adequate internal consistency for men (ω = 0.86; α = 0.86) and women (ω =.84; α =.83). Measurement invariance across gender was supported. In addition, the scale demonstrated good three week test–retest reliability for both men (ICC =.96; p <.001) and women (ICC =.92; p <.001), and the subscales revealed moderate to large associations with drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating, and exercise dependence. Conclusion: This study supports the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women and represents an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults, allowing for future cross‐cultural studies in this field. Public Significance: The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating, which assess strict adherence to diet rules, including the food's macronutrient content, regulation of protein intake, and eating less or more to influence muscle gain. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Our findings represent an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An obituary for Portuguese-American historian John Manuel Monteiro is presented, which focuses on his contributions to Brazilian historiography.

The article reviews the historical production on colonial Brazil in the last twenty years. Particular focus is given to the growing interest in the history of the Brazilian Indians, influenced by modern anthropological studies; Afro-Brazilian culture and slavery; the cultural history of the colony with emphasis on mentalities, material culture, and dissidence; and finally a new return to the history of governance and administration.

Introduces articles on the colonial history and historiography of Brazil.

Examines the role of Indians in the growth of the plantation agriculture during the Portuguese colonization in northeastern Brazil. Nature of the society and economy of Indians; Labor systems instigated by the Portuguese in the region; Problems encountered by the colonists with the use of Indian labor; Factors which contributed to the Portuguese's use of African slaves by the end of the sixteenth century.

Discusses the structure of slaveholding in Reconcavo of Bahai in Brazil. Impact of primary, secondary and tertiary activities on distribution of slaveownership; Types of slaveowners; Distribution of slave force among engenhos, the sugar planters, in Parishes of the Reconcavo in 1816-17; Comparison of slaveholding patterns in Bahai, Jamaica with southern U.S.

The article discusses slave labor, and resistance to it, in colonial Brazil. The author argues that instances of restive behavior among native and African slaves threatened the institution of slavery, particularly in the state of Bahia. Mocambos, communities of runaway slaves, flourished and caused upheaval in the area due to the fact that they drew strength in numbers and agitated other slaves into rebellion. Colonial response and historical significance of the phenomenon are also discussed.

Despite high levels of body dissatisfaction and an increasing drive for muscularity among Brazilian women, most of the existing literature on muscle dysmorphia focuses on men and has mainly been conducted in Western and English-speaking regions. As a result, one of the most widely used assessment tools for symptoms of the disorder, the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), has not yet been evaluated in Brazilian women-an at-risk population. In the present study, we perform a psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian Portuguese translation of the MDDI in a sample of 515 women. We evaluated the factor structure using a two-step, split-sample exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approach, which supported the original three-factor structure of the measure. Additionally, we found good internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability of the measure. Collectively, these results support the use of the measure in Brazilian women and provide a foundation to expand the literature in this population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)