1. Relationships between titers of antibodies immunoreacting against glycolipid antigens from Mycobacterium leprae and M. tuberculosis, the Mitsuda and Mantoux reactions, and bacteriological loads: implications in the pathogenesis, epidemiology and serodiagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis.
- Author
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David HL, Papa F, Cruaud P, Berlie HC, Maroja MF, Salem JI, and Costa MF
- Subjects
- Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, BCG Vaccine, Brazil, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, France, Glycolipids immunology, Health Personnel, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Leprosy diagnosis, Leprosy microbiology, Military Personnel, Mycobacterium leprae growth & development, Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth & development, Occupational Diseases diagnosis, Occupational Diseases immunology, Occupational Diseases microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Skin Tests, Species Specificity, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis microbiology, Tuberculosis, Cutaneous diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Cutaneous immunology, Tuberculosis, Cutaneous microbiology, Antibodies, Bacterial biosynthesis, Leprosy immunology, Mycobacterium leprae immunology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology, Tuberculosis immunology
- Abstract
Analysis of cell-mediated immunity [(CMI) as judged from the Mantoux, Fernandez, and Mitsuda reactions and the presence of granulomas in biopsy material] against humoral immunity (measurements of anti-PGL-I, PGL-Tb1, and SL-IV IgG and IgM antibody titers by ELISA) were performed in selected human populations. The investigations yielded data indicating that humoral (B-cell) responses preceded protective CMI in both tuberculosis and leprosy. The B-cell responses were unrelated to (unfavorable) cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Notwithstanding the difficulty in inferring sequential events from studies in humans, it was shown that in humoral responses there was an initial rise of specific IgM immunoglobulins that switched afterward to IgG production during subclinical tuberculosis and leprosy infections. In patent tuberculosis disease the IgM-to-IgG switch was observed in the majority of patients; in patent leprosy disease the switch was impaired in the majority of patients. The clinical, immunological, and laboratory data indicated that the B-cell responses were suppressed as protective CMI was re-established in the patients during the protracted subclinical infection. According to the data, the diagnosis of subclinical tuberculosis and leprosy may be accomplished using ELISA. The yearly risk of tuberculosis in apparently healthy persons but with significant antibody titers was estimated at 44%; the yearly risk for leprosy has not yet been established. The clinical, epidemiologic, and diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed.
- Published
- 1992