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Jabuticaba is a Brazilian berry rich in polyphenols, which may exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. This randomised crossover study aimed to determine the effects of jabuticaba juice (250 ml in a portion) on postprandial response. Sixteen healthy subjects (eleven women; five men; 28·4 (sd 3·8) years old; BMI 21·7 (sd 2·3) kg/m−2) consumed two test products after fasting overnight in a randomised controlled crossover design. Each test product portion had a similar composition of sugar components: 250 ml water with glucose, fructose, coloured with artificial non-energetic food colourings (placebo), and 250 ml of jabuticaba juice. Beverages were administered immediately before a carbohydrate meal. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after each test product to analyse the concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, antioxidant capacity, plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and appetite sensations. Compared with the placebo, the intake of jabuticaba juice resulted in a higher GLP-1 response as the AUC and peaking at 60 min. Jabuticaba juice also resulted in higher antioxidant capacity. Postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide levels and appetite sensations were not significantly different between tests. In conclusion, 250 ml of jabuticaba juice before a carbohydrate meal was able to improve the antioxidant status and GLP-1 concentrations in healthy subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) patients have higher risk to be infected with parenterally transmitted viruses, like hepatitis B or C virus. This study aims to determine HBV and HCV infection prevalence in DM2 patients from Northeast and Southeast Brazil. A total of 537 DM2 patients were included, 194 (36.12%) males and 343 (63.87%) females, with mean age of 57.13±11.49 years. HBV and HCV markers were determined using serological and molecular analysis, and risk factors were evaluated in a subgroup from Southeast (n = 84). Two HBV acute (HBsAg+/anti-HBc -) and one HBV chronic case (HBsAg+/anti-HBc+) were found. Six individuals (1.1%) were isolated anti-HBc, 37 (6.9%) had HBV infection resolved (anti-HBc+/anti-HBs+), 40 (7.4%) were considered HBV vaccinated (anti-HBc-/anti-HBs+). Thirteen patients (2.42%) had anti-HCV and 7 of them were HCV RNA+. In the subgroup, anti-HBc positivity was associated to age and anti-HCV positivity was associated to age, time of diabetes diagnosis, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase at bivariate analysis, but none of them was statistically significant at multivariate analysis. As conclusion, low prevalence of HBV and high prevalence HCV was found in DM2 patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Objective: To evaluate the association of the sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, and to compare SAD with waist circumference (WC)., Subjects/methods: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study of 520 adolescents (10- to 18-years old). IR was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and the hyperglycaemic clamp (n = 76)., Results: SAD and WC were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.637 and r = 0.653) and inversely correlated with the clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (r = -0.734 and r = -0.731); P < .001. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, SAD was positively associated with HOMA-IR (B = 0.046 ± 0.003) and inversely associated with the clamp-derived ISI (B = -0.084 ± 0.009) after adjusting for sex, age, and Tanner's stages (P < .001). When WC replaced the SAD, it was positively associated with HOMA-IR (B = 0.011 ± 0.001) and inversely associated with the clamp-derived ISI (B = -0.018 ± 0.002); P < .001. The values of the areas under the curves (AUC) were 0.823 and 0.813 for SAD and WC, respectively. In Bland-Altman analysis, there were agreement between both, SAD and WC, with the clamp-derived ISI (mean = 0.00; P > .05). The SAD and WC were positively associated with blood pressure, triglycerides, and uric acid, and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol after adjusting for sex, age, and Tanner's stages., Conclusion: The SAD was associated with IR and MetS components, with a good discriminatory power for detecting IR. When compared to WC, SAD showed equivalent results., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The TyG index was evaluated as a surrogate method for estimation of insulin resistance (IR). TyG index correlated with adiposity, metabolic and atherosclerosis markers related to IR and presented a moderate degree of agreement with hyperglycemic clamp. TyG index represents an accessible tool for assessment of IR in clinical practice., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)