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Nowadays the most different forms of technologies have been taking considerable room in the foreign language educational context as well. As an example, the use of different applications has been used in this context. One of the strategies used by them is to promote interaction between the learner and the software, through gamification, in other words, using electronic games resources in learning. In Brazil, applications in which it is possible to learn Italian language are available already. In the beginner's level, we noticed the prevalence of the lexical teaching. In this prospect, this article's main abjective is to analyse the teaching of the Italian language lexicon in the applications Mondly®¹ and MosaLingua®² for cellphone, according to the level A1 from the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). As theoretical assumptions Biderman (2001), Oliveira and Isquerdo (2001) and Leffa (2014) will be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest degradation is the long-term and gradual reduction of canopy cover due to forest fire and unsustainable logging. A critical consequence of this process is increased atmospheric carbon emissions. Although this issue is gaining attention, forest degradation in the Brazilian Amazon has not yet been properly addressed. The claim here is that this process is not constant throughout Amazonia and varies according to colonization frontiers. Moreover, the accurate characterization of degradation requires lengthy observation periods to track gradual forest changes. The forest degradation process, the associated timeframe, spatial patterns, trajectories, and extent were characterized in the context of the Amazon frontiers of the 1990s using 28 years (1984-2011) of annual Landsat images. Given the large database and the characteristic of logging and burning, this study used data mining techniques and cell approach classification to analyze the spatial patterns and to construct associated trajectories. Multitemporal analysis indicated that forest degradation in the last two decades has caused as many interannual landscape changes as have clear-cuts. In addition, selective logging, as a major aspect of forest degradation, affected a larger amount of forest land than did forest fire. Although a large proportion of logged forest was deforested in the following years, selective logging did not always precede complete deforestation. Instead, the results indicate that logged forests were abandoned for approximately 4 years before clearance. Throughout the forest degradation process, there were no recurrent forest fires, and loggers did not revisit the forest. Forest degradation mostly occurred as a result of a single selective logging event and was associated with low-intensity forest damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work involves a systematic review of the chemical composition and biological effects of essential oils from the Annonaceae species collected in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. Annonaceae is one of the most important botanical families in Brazil, as some species have economic value in the market as local and international fruit. In addition, the species have useful applications in several areas—for instance, as raw materials for use in cosmetics and perfumery and as medicinal plants. In folk medicine, species such as Annona glabra L. and Xylopia sericea A. St.-Hil. are used to treat diseases such as rheumatism and malaria. The species of Annonaceae are an important source of essential oils and are rich in compounds belonging to the classes of mono and sesquiterpenes; of these compounds, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, (E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D, spathulenol, and β-elemene are the most abundant. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antileishmania, antioxidant, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, larvicidal, trypanocidal, and antimalarial activities of essential oils from the Annonaceae species in Brazil have been described in previous research, with the most studies on this topic being related to their antiproliferative or cytotoxic activities. In some studies, it was observed that the biological activity reported for these essential oils was superior to that of drugs available on the market, as is the case of the essential oil of the species Guatteria punctata (Aubl.) R. A. Howard., which showed a trypanocidal effect that was 34 times stronger than that of the reference drug benznidazol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review highlights some relevant contributions proposed by Brazilian analytical research groups mainly after 2004. This year was chosen due to an earlier publication of an overview with similar scope by Andrade et al. (2004). The selected papers are representative, but the authors have not tried to present a comprehensive overview of the aforementioned period. The chosen areas for discussion were automation in analytical chemistry, chemometrics, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, electroanalytical chemistry, environmental analytical chemistry, preconcentration and separation procedures, and spectrochemical analysis. A glimpse of the Brazilian contributions shows the stage of development of analytical chemistry in Brazil, with emphasis on major advancements and critical needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]