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Deformation bands are usually responsible for a reduction in permeability perpendicular to the structure planes of up to three orders of magnitude, while the fault core represent a reduction of up to seven orders of magnitude in cross-fault permeability, imposing large anisotropies to fluid flow. As deformation bands occur distributed along the damage zone, they impact not only the across-fault flow but also the along-fault flow. The fault core is usually represented using fault-transmissibility multipliers (TMs) along the fault planes, using well-established workflows. However, there is a lack of methods to represent fault damage zones in any direction and grid-cell sizes. In this context, we proposed new methods to: (1) estimate the deformation intensity in damage zones; (2) calculate their most representative value within the cell domain; and (3) calculate the equivalent permeability of a cell containing oblique deformation bands. The workflow is applied to a 3D numerical model for the Santa Helena High in the Rio do Peixe Basin, NE Brazil. We performed streamline simulations in four models to evaluate the impact of fault damage zones and the fault core in fluid flow. Our models show that the fault core and damage zone negatively affected the performance of the reservoir. Supplementary material: A description of the method developed to estimate the deformation intensity in damage zones and of the method developed to calculate the equivalent permeability are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6251469 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electric field homogenization by gels increases the safety of electrochemotherapy. • The electrical conductivity of commercial gels was measured and found to be in the range 0.1–0.2 S/m. • An in silico model was validated by a veterinary case study of melanoma. • The results of the simulation indicated successful application of the 0.2 S/m gel at low amplitudes. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) exploits the phenomenon of electroporation, which is the increase of cell permeability through the application of an electrical field. This technique is applied in medical centers in Europe and in veterinary clinics in Europe, Brazil, and Argentina. ECT treatment requires a minimum electric field and anti-cancer drugs (e.g., bleomycin). Irregularly shaped tumors may induce ECT treatment failure because of irregular electric field distribution. Conductive gels have been suggested as a means to increase the homogeneity of the electrical field distribution. The aim of this work was to evaluate if commercial conductive gels could increase the safety of ECT. A veterinary case study of ECT in a dog provided the tumor dimensions for the numerical model. Electrode displacement and commercial conductive gels were simulated to determine if they improved ECT treatments. We conclude that a commercial gel having a conductivity of 0.2 S/m when used in combination with effective treatment planning may improve the outcome of electrochemotherapy procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]