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Introduction: Food inadequacies in the first 6 months of life are considered a global problem, with an emphasis on early complementary feeding introduction (CFI). This study aimed to identify the determinants of CFI. Methods: A birth cohort study (N = 641). Data on infant feeding was collected before 30 days, and at 2, 4, and 6 months of age and, at baseline, data regarding socioeconomic status, demographics, maternal and infant health, obstetric history, and infant care. The hypothesis was that the risk determinants for early CFI vary according to the type of food and the age range of this introduction. Twelve Cox regression models were fit with four outcomes (formula; other types of milk; other beverages; and solid/semi-solid foods) considering three different age ranges of the infant at their introduction (< 2 months, 2–4 months, and 4–6 months). Results: The introduction of the four food groups analyzed was early (median ages of introduction: formulas = 45 days; other milks = 135 days; other beverages = 120 days; solids and semi-solids = 135 days). The determinants that increased the risk of introducing formulas before 2 months were: primiparity, employed without maternity leave, mothers with unsatisfactory prenatal counseling and those who had cesarean sections. Not living with a partner, infant pacifier use at 2 months of age had a higher risk of introducing formula between 2 and 4 months of age. Non-white skin color, more than 35 years old, low maternal education, and lower family income increased the risk of introducing other types of milk between 2 and 4 months of age. Between 4 and 6 months of age, adolescent and low education level mothers had a higher risk of introducing other types of milk, unemployed was a protective factor against the introduction of other foods and beverages in this age group. Conclusions: The determinants of early CFI varied according to the type of food and the age of introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are grounds for the hypothesis that poor sleep quality, regardless of the pre-gestational nutritional status, is a risk factor for inadequate gestational weight gain., Objective: To investigate the association between sleep quality and insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain in Brazilian pregnant women without gestational complications and monitored in public prenatal care units., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study nested within a cohort study that reviewed pregnant women's mental health, sleep, and nutritional outcome. Data collection was carried out from May 2018 to June 2019 through face-to-face and telephone interviews and consultation of pregnant women's medical records. Sleep quality was assessed using the Mini-sleep Questionnaire. The pregnancy weight gain was measured based on the Institute of Medicine's recommendations. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used for the two outcomes: insufficient or excessive weight gain, using pregnant women with adequate weight gain as the reference category. Associations were considered significant when p < 0.05., Results: The prevalence of severe sleep disorders was high: 63.4% of pregnant women experienced this condition. Severe sleep disorders enhanced independently the risk of insufficient gestational weight gain (PR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.06-5.42, p = 0.035). There was no association between sleep disorders and excessive gestational weight gain., Conclusion: The hypothesis that poor sleep quality influences gestational weight gain was confirmed. Severe sleep disorders, a highly prevalent condition, significantly increased the prevalence of insufficient gestational weight gain, yet it was not associated with excessive weight gain. Thus, educational actions should be included in the preconception and prenatal periods, in order to encourage the adoption of habits that favor sleep quality, an intervention that may have positive effects in reducing insufficient gestational weight gain., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The investigation was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu under Opinion no 3.068.212. After preliminary clarification to pregnant women on the subject of the study, the Term of Free and Informed Consent (TCLE) was applied, ensuring free adherence, confidentiality regarding the information provided and the right to withdraw from the investigation at any time. All participants signed the FICF. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)