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This article aims to analyze the poverty in national territory, this analysis demands comprehension of the analytic scale of the problem. At first, it presents the concept of poverty as a political and social matter, guided, mainly, by income access that, as a consequence, it reverberates in deprivation of individuals capacity. After that, throughout reading and interpretation of secondary data, this article proposesa debate about the socioespatial dynamic in two levels. The first level corresponds to the regional disparities that guided the unequal regional development in Brazil. Considering the percentages, it demonstrates a larger incidence about the social vulnerability in municipalities with low demographic profile, with higher levels of rural population and they are placed in North and Northeast regions. Concerning the main Brazilian urban cores, the article observed the poverty manifestation in two kinds of landscape. The first is in the domiciliar characteristic of the subnormal agglomerations, characterised by residences with low incomes, loss of infrastructure and access to the services as sanitation and transport. The second one has to do with the fast growing of the street population, this phenomenon became a part of Brazilian municipalities instead of being in the metropolis as before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to discuss, as the PRONAF (National Program for Strengthening Family Farming) while it is a public policy of "Strengthening Family Farming" has contributed to the increase in the production of merchandise (commodities for export) in predominant areas of family farmers. Therefore, an investigation was carried out in areas of family agriculture not north of Rio Grande do Sul in 2017-18. Where, they will analyze some considerations on the agrarian structure, as well as the data of increase of the productivity and the area used in the production of the main export crops in the years 2000-2017. And also some considerations of the rural surroundings how this model of agriculture has degraded the environments, especially with the increase of the rates of application of pesticides to each year in Rio Grande do Sul and Brazil. As a result, it was observed that this model based on significant public financing has maintained rural poverty, indebtedness and dependence on some regions with strong primary production at the expense of other more industrialized regions. Finally, we present a discussion on the need to review the role of public policies that promote food security, recovery and environmental protection by promoting agroecology in areas with the presence of poor farmers in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the main results of research on occupation and income of people in the new rurality of Paraná, Brazil, based on the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), from 2001 to 2009. Results showed a steady reduction of the rural population as the growth of the rural population that conducts non-agricultural activities did not compensate the reduction of rural populations that conduct agricultural activities. During the study period, the rural population of Paraná achieved purchasing power stability and lower inequality in access to income, as well as a reduction in poverty and informal employment. A continuation of these trends will lead to the predominance of non-agricultural activities in the dynamics of occupation and income of the rural population of Paraná, resulting in the need to change rural development initiatives. The design of this adjustment, as suggested by analysis of the active rural populations of Paraná and São Paulo, should be based on local peculiarities. The reduction of rural populations engaged in agriculture requires a more detailed examination, especially due to the uneven impact of the modernization process determined by factors such as production scale, product type and agricultural work, among others. This understanding is particularly relevant for the state of Paraná, that, along with the modernization of agriculture, has been substantially outsourcing agricultural tasks and producing abundant harvests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Sociedade e Estado is the property of Sociedade e Estado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)