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Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Child sexual violence is a multidimensional problem of many contemporary societies, affecting people of all sexes, social stratum and age groups. Offenses involving children and adolescents are more serious, given their total or partial dependence on parents and caregivers. Information on child sexual violence in Brazil is found in raw form and without detail. The objective was to compare the information with social and economic data in the state of Paraná. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective study of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on cases of sexual violence involving victims aged 0 to 19 years. Results are presented according to notification characteristics. The authors applied exploratory spatial data analysis to assess spatial autocorrelations and investigated relationships by the ordinary least squares regression model. Results Between 2017 and 2021, there were 13,403 reports of child sexual violence in Paraná State, Brazil. Most victims (82.8%) were female and aged between 10 and 14 years. The majority of sexual violence cases (67.8%) occurred in the home environment. The highest rates on a population basis were observed in the North Central and Greater Curitiba regions, mainly in cities with higher population density and with higher rates of other types of violence. Conclusion The results provide data that can promote a broader understanding of the distribution of sexual violence and the state and associated variations. It is expected to improve the provision of care for victims of child sexual violence and assist in strategic planning to prevent future offenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusion Describe the characteristics and changes in the profile of women who sought care after experiencing sexual violence (SV) during the first six months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in a Brazilian city.This is a cross‐sectional retrospective study. Data from emergency care and legal abortion requests of women assisted at the Women's Health Care Center Hospital (School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Brazil) due to SV experienced between March 23 and August 23, 2020 (Quarantine Group, QG), were collected and compared with data from the same period of the previous biennium (Comparison Group, CG). χ2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare groups; the significance level was 5%.Data for 236 women were analyzed; 70 women were included in the QG and 166 in the CG. In the QG, there was a restriction in the area of origin of women, with a higher proportion of women who lived in Campinas (P = 0.0007) and a higher frequency of chronic SV (P = 0,035). There were no rapes associated with the use of social media or apps in the QG, but 9.8% of women in the CG experienced rape associated with the use of social media or apps. There were higher rates of domestic violence (P = 0.022) and intimidation through physical force (P = 0.011) in the first two months.The COVID‐19 quarantine affected the profile of women who sought care after experiencing SV. The quarantine resulted in changes in the area of origin of patients, hindering access to health services and leading to higher rates of chronic and domestic SV, particularly in the first 2 months of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate requests for legal abortion due to pregnancies resulting from sexual violence (SV) in a reference service, and characterise and compare the outcome groups. Retrospective cohort study with review of medical records of women assisted between 2015 and 2020. The variables were socio-demographic and SV characteristics, gestational age, reactions towards pregnancy and outcome. We compared outcome groups using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal–Wallis test. The significance level was 5%. We evaluated the medical records of 235 women, of which 153(65%) had undergone to abortion; 17(7.2%) had a spontaneous abortion; 19(8%) remained pregnant; 25(10.6%) had an abortion denied; and 21(8.9%) had been lost to follow-up. Out of the total number of women, 44(18.7%) were adolescents, 152(65.2%) were white and 201(88.5%) had an education ≥9 years. Women who remained pregnant had a known aggressor, disclosed the pregnancy (p < 0.001) and were more ambivalent (p < 0.001) than the other groups. Gestational age was higher in the denied abortion group than in the performed abortion group (p < 0.001). Feelings related to decision-making about abortion affected all groups, with differences. It is important to give women space to be heard, so they can make their own decisions. Abortion care is possible in places with restrictive laws; however, women with more vulnerable characteristics did not seek the service. Legal restrictions interfere with women's decision-making about abortion and can promote inequality in gaining access to health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação is the property of Ensaio: Avaliacao e Politicas Publicas em Educacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on the perpetrator of sexual violence against children and adolescents are incipient in Brazil. Their life trajectory constitutes a complex topic and their parental aspects are treated with caution in the literature, despite evidence indicating that perpetrators of violence are more likely to be the father or stepfather of the victim. Thus, this research aimed to bio-sociodemographically characterize parents who committed sexual violence and describe the aggression perpetrated. This was an empirical-documentary, descriptive-exploratory study, with a quantitative approach to the data. Developed in seven municipalities in the State of Pará, it involved the processes of 283 sentenced prisoner parents. A biopsychosocial characterization form was used as an instrument. The collection allowed the construction of a database analyzed using descriptive and cluster statistics. In the results, the biosociodemographic profile pointed to author parents who were mostly black/brown, with an average of 40 years old, two children, with a spouse and occupation. Kinship ties appeared in the highest proportion of stepfather, father and uncle, respectively. The characteristics of aggression, use of force or severe coercion appeared in a proportion of 65.02% and the acts of rubbing against the victim and vaginal sex were the most frequent. The analyzes made it possible to scrutinize aspects of the characterization of this population for more effective future interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Homeless women have complex life conditions and are often exposed to violence, sexual exploitation, rape, prostitution, reproductive disorders, survival sex trading, unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim was to explore the existence of sexual aggression and vulnerability to STIs among homeless Brazilian women. Methods: Fifteen interviews were conducted with homeless women who were admitted to a women's shelter in a large city in Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, audiorecorded and complemented with notes of the researcher in field diary, subjected to inductive thematic analysis and analyzed in light of the social relations of gender. Results: Two themes were constructed: "Being a woman on the streets: a look at gender inequalities" and "Pain and the raped body: the scars of homeless women". The transgression of women's rights was observed with reports of sexual abuse interspersed with physical violence. Unprotected sexual practices were part of the daily lives of these women, with repercussions for their exposure to sexually transmitted infections. Dependence on psychoactive substances was mentioned, and transactional sex was used as a source of income to maintain such dependence, as well as to promote the women's livelihood. Conclusion: Homeless women experience complex situations on the streets involving exposure to different types of violence, the use of transactional sex as a survival strategy and unprotected sexual practices. Furthermore, the way in which women have been exposed to sexual assault and their coping mechanisms to those require attention. Interventions are need to improve the healthcare assistance of homeless women victims of sexual assault, considering the vulnerability of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We intend to discuss child sexual violence and understand how racism and sexism are linked in its perpetration. Analyzing such violence in interface with both concepts allows us to reflect on the intersectional aspects of this issue and its participation in the subjective constructions of those who perpetrate it and those who experience it. We use the resource of "livewriting" - the experience of those who write as a starting point and a gateway to sharing similar experiences, too. Research was carried out on academic sites seeking to map and understand how the topic has been worked on. We used the following descriptors: child sexual violence, black girls, racism, and sexism in their possible combinations. The Child and Adolescent Statute and Violence Atlas data, and the Epidemiological Bulletin of Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents in Brazil were analyzed. The analyses were carried out cross-sectionally, considering the objective proposed here. Beforehand and explicitly, it was not possible to find analyses that consider the entanglement between racism and sexism in the perpetration of crimes of sexual violence against children. We questioned, how are issues of race/color considered by academic productions. In psychology, what interpretation do we have of ethnic-racial relations? What do the results reflect about psychology and even science? We hope that the data collected here and the reflections proposed can shed light on a phenomenon whose exponential growth is painfully alarming, as well as promote theoretical and practical insights to address the issues that are urgent and necessary to be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: sexual violence includes all sexual acts consummated or attempt to obtain them, unwanted sexual comments and actions that go against the other's sexuality through coercion, which can be done through the use of physical force, psychological pressure, extortion or threat, this phenomenon appears in all life cycles. Identified the frequency and characteristics of sexual violence against women in a state in the southeastern region of Brazil. from 2011 to 2018. Method: this is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that evaluated all cases of sexual violence reported in Espírito Santo, present in the Information System of Diseases and Notifications of the Ministry of Health from 2011 to 2018. The analysis was based on performed in Stata 14.1. Results: the prevalence of notification of sexual violence was 13.2% (CI95%: 12.8–13.5). Most victims were women (PR: 3.38), aged between 0 and 9 years (PR: 19), with a higher prevalence in people without disabilities or disorders (PR: 1.18) and residents of urban/periurban area (PR: 1.15). Men were the most frequent aggressors (PR: 13.79), with the most prevalent cases being reported by people unknown to the victim (PR: 6.01). The occurrence was 78% more reported at home and committed by an aggressor (PR:1.19). Most cases were repeated (PR:1.13). Conclusions: the notification of sexual violence in Espírito Santo was high and evidenced the vulnerability of some groups, as well as the profile of the perpetrators. It is necessary to work on training professionals in the areas of health and education in relation to the identification of cases of sexual violence, mainly due to the significant involvement of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sexually assaulted women represent a particularly high-risk group for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and peritraumatic dissociation (PD) are known risk factors for PTSD. However, little is known about how previous trauma affects PD and how this relationship affects PTSD. We aimed to investigate whether PD acts as a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity in a sample of recently sexually assaulted women in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seventy-four sexually assaulted women aged 18–44 completed questionnaires and structured interviews on PTSD, PD, and PTEs. We examined direct and indirect effects of variables using causal mediation analysis. Lifetime exposure to PTEs was a risk factor for PD, but PD was not a risk factor for PTSD symptom severity. Also, PD was not a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity. We provided recommendations on how to further explore the relationship between lifetime traumatic exposure, PTSD, and peritraumatic dissociation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and pregnancy can be consequences of sexual violence. In Brazil, around 50% of women victims of sexual violence do not undergo STI prophylaxis or emergency contraception. Objectives: To analyze socio-demographic and epidemiological profile, frequency of procedures performed, frequency of blood-borne infections (BBI), pregnancy, and legal abortion in women assisted by a sexual violence assistance center. Patients and methods: This 10-year retrospective cohort study (2010–2019) describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological profile and frequencies of clinical procedures, BBI, pregnancies, and legal abortions in 915 women assisted in a sexual violence assistance center in Brazil. We extracted data from the medical records and used descriptive statistics and chi-square and logistic regression. Results: A total of 93.3% (842/915) were residents in the Metropolitan Area of the capital, 80,83% (733/915) were brown-skinned or white, 42.4% (388/915) were adolescents (12–17 years old), 80.4% (736/915) were single, most had no children, average of 1.8 (±1.0 DP) children. About one-third (313/915) had not had previous sexual intercourse, 1.6% (10/653) were pregnant. Rape predominated with 92.0% (841/915), of which 51.5% (471/915) involved a known or related aggressor, mostly an acquaintance, followed by a stepfather or father. Recurrent cases were 24.0% (227/915). Clinical procedures: 42.6% (390/915) were attended within 72 hours and received STI prophylaxis 43.4% (392/904); emergency contraception 38.6% (349/904); blood collection 71.6% (647/904). Prevalence: syphilis 0.3% (2/653); hepatitis B 0.2% (1/653); pregnancy 1.6% (10/653). Incidences: syphilis 1.1% (7/633); hepatitis B 0.8% (5/633); hepatitis C 0.6% (4/633); pregnancy 27.2% (172/633). There were no HIV cases. Trichomoniasis at 1.9% (2/108), HPV-induced cytological lesions at 4.7% (5/108), and bacterial vaginosis at 20.0% (21/108) were found on cervicovaginal samples. There were 129 legal abortions. Conclusions: The socio-demographic aspects and the characteristics of the aggressions in the studied population are like those described in the Brazilian national database, including the remarkable number of adolescents. STI prophylaxis and emergency contraception were performed in less than half of the women. The incidence of pregnancy was higher among those women reporting firearms threats and lower among those receiving STI prophylaxis. The frequency of legal abortion was higher than in national data. Public policies ensuring access to sexual and reproductive health rights and strategies to improve the quality of care for women victims of sexual violence and education improvement may decrease vulnerability to STI and unintended pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition, which generates an extensive burden. We aimed to investigate in a huge metropolitan area, the prevalence of traumatic experiences, the development of PTSD, and its predictors. Traumatic experiences and PTSD were assessed in 5037 adult individuals of the general population. Cross-tabulations method assessed the prevalence of traumatic events and PTSD. Logistic regression models investigated predictors of lifetime and 12-month odds of PTSD and the conditional probability of developing PTSD for specific traumas. Lifetime and 12-month diagnoses of PTSD were found in 3.2% and 1.6% of the sample. 'Witnessing anyone being injured or killed, or unexpectedly seeing a dead body' (35,7%) and 'being mugged or threatened with a weapon' (34.0%) were the two most reported traumas. The commonest events before PTSD onset were 'sudden unexpected death of a loved one' (34.0%), 'interpersonal violence' (31.0%), and 'threats to the physical integrity of others' (25.0%). Experiences related to "interpersonal violence" presented the highest conditional probability for PTSD (range 2.2–21.2%). Being 'sexually assaulted or molested' (21.2% total; 22.3% women; 0.0% men) and being 'raped' (18.8% total; 18.4% women; 20.1% men) were the two experiences with the highest odds for PTSD. While being female was a predictor of less exposure to any event (OR = 0.69), females were more prone to develop lifetime PTSD after exposure to an event (OR = 2.38). Traumatic events are frequent in the general population and a small group of traumatic events accounts for most cases of subsequent PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study sought to discuss the situation of child labor in the country, especially domestic child labor, since it is one of the most common forms of child labor in Brazil, where it is probably the most vulnerable and exploited type of work for children and adolescents, as well as it is more difficult to protect, because in the environment of Brazilian families' homes they are considered as invisible workers, as they are away from street work that may in fact be noticed by competent authorities who can verify this situation. The topic addressed is justified because, according to research data, there are numerous cases of children and adolescents who perform this type of work. With this in mind, the general objective of this study was to analyze the context of child labor in Brazil with an emphasis on domestic child labor. Therefore, the methodology used was compilation, for this, the largest number of published works on the topic were gathered in order to clearly expose the content addressed. Among the findings of the research, it can be noted that this still happens due to social inequality and lack of opportunities that still haunts and divides Brazil, becoming even more evident, as well as domestic child labor causes serious occupational risks to children preventing access. school, games, and opening space for psychological and sexual violations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: This article explains why current events demand the exploration of histories of sexual violence, setting the four pieces that comprise this special issue in their broader historiographical and social context. Despite the important body of work that has been produced to date exploring issues related to gender and sexuality in this region during the nineteenth and twentieth century, sexual violence remains severely understudied. Methodology: Linking to protests against sexual and gender-based violence and harassment in Brazil and internationally since the mid-2010s, such as the global #MeToo campaign in 2017, the article reviews current scholarship on histories of sexual violence. Originality: This special issue represents a valuable collection of essays specifically devoted to the history of sexual violence in Latin America during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The article demonstrates why this is such a pressing issue for historians to consider in 2022 and contextualises the following contributions. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for further research into the histories of sexual violence across different Latin American countries in later modernity, especially since the issues highlighted by all four authors—particularly related to gender, racial, and class discrimination and stereotyping that harm victims—remain relevant to contemporary experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the National Health Survey, this article aimed to verify the association between sociodemographic, health, and behavioral characteristics and the occurrence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence in Brazil in 2019. Logistic models were adjusted to four outcomes: Having experienced physical, psychological, or sexual violence in the last 12 months; having experienced psychological violence in the last 12 months; having experienced physical violence in the last 12 months; having experienced sexual violence in the last 12 months. There was a prevalence of 17.36% of psychological violence, 4.15% of physical violence, and 0.76% of sexual violence. The variables zone, sex, age group, skin color/race, marital status, per capita income, health status, mental health problem, and alcohol consumption remained in the final models. These results can and should contribute to adequate proposals for prevention and promotion actions since the National Policy for the Prevention of Accidents and Violence includes these social phenomena in the list of problems that cause illness and deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of sexual violence (SV) reports against adolescent women in Brazil from 2011 to 2018. An ecological time series study was performed on reports of SV against women aged 10 to 19, which were available in the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System (SINAN). Data were collected in 2020 but are related to reports filed from 2011 to 2018. The Prais-Winsten linear regression model was applied to analyze the time trend, including a calculation of the annual percentage variation (APC) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We found a significant trend increase in all Brazilian regions. Although the rates in the Northern region are higher at the beginning and at the end of the analyzed time period, the reporting rates of the Southeast (APC 14.56%; 95%CI 7.98;21.54) and the South (APC 14.19%; 95%CI 6.56;22.36) showed a greater increase. The increase of SV reports in recent years shows how vulnerable adolescent women are to this type of violence, but also indicates greater improvement of violence surveillance systems. We conclude that both reporting systems and public policies aimed at tackling SV against women need to be further developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of aggression, care, and follow‐up of sexual violence in adolescent women at a university service in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study from 2011 to 2018, we assessed sociodemographic characteristics, type and form of sexual violence perpetration, background and perception of the victim about violence, and characteristics of care and social/legal support during follow‐up. Results: Of 521 adolescents 242 (46.5%) were aged 10–14 years, 354 (68%) had not started sexual life, 465 (89%) perceived the violence and they had low prevalence of alcohol (71, 16%) and other psychoactive substance consumption (25, 6%), and 24 (4.6%) had an intellectual disability. Intimidation through physical force, acute abuse, vaginal penetration, acquaintance aggressor, being approached in a public place, and family/acquaintance residence were the most prevalent characteristics of aggression. In the 2017–2018 biennium, we observed a decrease in the prevalence of adolescents who were students (P < 0.001), an increase in the number of acquaintance aggressors (P = 0.008), and medical care after 72 hours (P < 0.033). Conclusion: Adolescents were victims of severe sexual violence. There was a decrease in prophylactic treatments and half of the adolescents did not complete outpatient follow‐up. The economic worsening over the last decade may have contributed to these results. When the victim is a teenager, the challenge is permanent: care within the first 72 hours and follow up with multidisciplinary support must be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Sexual Education in the Classroom: Gender Relations, Sexual Orientation, and Ethnic-Racial Equality in a Proposal of Respect for Differences" is a reflection on the importance of sexual education in schools, especially in light of cases of sexual violence against children and adolescents in Brazil. The author, Jimena Furlani, criticizes the biological-hygienist view and advocates for the scientific discussion of these topics in the classroom. The book addresses different approaches to sexual education, such as human rights, sexual rights, emancipatory, and queer, which value gender and sexual orientation diversity. The work also highlights the importance of discussing sexuality in childhood, promoting reflection, and combating prejudice. [Extracted from the article]

Data show that annually in Brazil police reports are registered for more than 60 thousand cases of rape and rape of the vulnerable and it is estimated that this number is a fraction of the cases that actually occur. The lives of victims of this type of violence are transformed by the abuse and also by the consequences that arise from it. In this study, the perceptions and meanings attributed to a rape victim were investigated, based on the repercussion of a real case on social networks. Content Analysis, the methodological approach used here, showed that the situation of being a victim of rape is constantly questioned due to the facts that occurred, previous behavior, intention and use of alcohol. The interpretation of data was made from gender studies, to understand the configurations present in the phenomenon of sexual violence that lead to blaming the victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to analyze the approach to teaching about sexual violence against women in undergraduate Nursing, Medicine, Psychology and Social Service. Qualitative study, carried out in two institutions of higher education in the northern region of the department of Ceará, Brazil. Qualitative study, conducted in two universities in the northern region of the department of Ceará, Brazil. 43 people participated, representing management (4), teachers (20) and students (19), who answered the semi-structured interview between March and November 2018. For the organization of data, content analysis was used, which gave rise to three themes: conceptions of sexual violence against women; invisibility of content on the subject at the undergraduate level; and theoretical and practical gaps in professional training. The participants revealed the need to include the topic of "sexual violence" in the teaching, research, and extension processes of universities. The results show asymmetry among the courses investigated and little discussion about sexual violence against women in educational institutions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the quality of care for people in situations of sexual violence in health services, identifying positive and negative indicators, and suggest solutions. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach and convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 134 professionals (doctors, nurses, and nursing technicians) working in public health services. Three instruments were used, namely, a structure evaluation form, a questionnaire, and a process evaluation form. The results revealed eight positive indicators (adequate infrastructure; rooms for patient assistance; gynecological bed; visual and auditory privacy; waiting rooms; a professional team comprising physicians, nurses, nursing technicians, and receptionists; adequate training of staff to provide health services to people in situations of sexual violence; and most healthcare professionals asking their patients about possible sexual violence situations) and nine negative indicators (reduced number of rooms for patient assistance with toilets; absence of protocols to identify and assist people in situations of sexual violence; absence of leaflets, posters, and other materials on sexual violence; absence of a referral flow chart (specific for people in situations of sexual violence) to specialized services; reduced number of consultations with suspected and/or confirmed cases of sexual violence; non-use of specific protocols; not referral of these patients to the specialized care network; most professionals consider the health unit where they work as unable to help people in situations of sexual violence; a decrease in attendance at health facilities that do not have a protocol for assisting people in situations of sexual violence), making clear the interventions necessary to promote the provision of quality health services that meet the specific needs of people in situations of sexual violence. These indicators are expected to provide subsidies for the improvement of public policies aimed at listening, welcoming, identifying, and treating people in situations of sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the World Report on Violence and Health (World Health Organization, 2002), sexual violence (SV) is defined as any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, comments, unwanted sexual advances, or acts directed at the sex trafficking. In most aggressions, vaginal, oral and anal penetration occurs without the use of condoms, making SV a gateway to numerous sexually transmitted infections (STIs), in addition to the various physical and psychological damage to the victim. Nowadays there is still a relationship between sexual aggression and an increase in STI cases, among which we can highlight syphilis. Given this relevance, the present study aimed to ascertain this relationship and the proportion of these data for public health, as well as for victims. This is a research of an application nature, with a descriptive approach. The sample consisted of a search in the BVS, Medline, Scielo and PubMed databases, about articles with the descriptors "sexual assault in Brazil", "syphilis acquired in Brazil" and "STIs in Brazil". It was possible to identify in the literature the worrying character of the increase in the rates of sexual aggression against women in Brazil. Many of these victims bring psychological damage, unwanted pregnancies, in addition to contracting STIs. During the years 2015 to 2020 there was a growing curve in cases of sexual assault and an increase in syphilis cases in Brazil among the female population, despite observing a drop in syphilis rates in 2020. In addition, it was seen that the vaginal penetration is described as the most frequent act in sexual crimes against young women and women in reproductive age, usually practiced through psychological intimidation. Finally, it was found that only 8% of hospitals provide the correct assistance to the victim of sexual violence present in the technical regulations. In recent decades, the issue of violence has been widely debated, having gained visibility in several multidisciplinary fields and by international organizations. Despite the various national measures made available to this population, many victims of sexual violence abstain from health services or discontinue their treatment. The present article sought to relate in a didactic way the reported values of acquired syphilis and the rates of sexual violence in the female population in our country. The intimate relationship of SV and syphilis acquired in women was highlighted, not only correlating to the act itself, but the lack of correct, continuous and adequate care for the situation within an ideal environment, which should bring respect and security to the victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on sexual violence perpetrated against children and adolescents, with considerable complications in Brazil in recent years. It is justified by the scope of the theme and the connection with different segments of human life, through the impacts caused by the traumatic event. The problem of the study focuses on the demonstration of the social roots of sexual violence, on the hypothesis that it is a manifestation of gender violence and the relations of power and domination established within societies, without disregarding the psychological influence of (individual) conduct. To face a reality that appears timid, albeit with accentuated frequency, it is necessary to discover it, whose visibility is possible even through the debate and academic research, objectives of this study. Through the hypothetical-deductive method, with exploratory research technique, the article was divided into three moments, reaching the considerations that Brazilian society coexists with the paradox of the legal protection of children and adolescents, at the same time that it promotes adultization, the spectacularization of their bodies (especially the female ones) and the blaming of the victims, notably in cases of sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this respect, studies of punitive prison rape in Brazil do little more than repeat the conclusions of academics who have studied prison rape in other contexts and found that every act of sexual assault that occurs inside a prison 8. A less troublesome but still controversial position is taken by scholars who argue that in US prisons, where the perpetrators of prison rapes are disproportionately black and victims are disproportionately white, prison rape is not only an expression of hegemonic masculinity but also a manifestation of "racial hatred of whites by blacks" (Carroll 1977; Knowles 1999: 278; O'Donnell 2004; Scacco 1975). 18 Arguably, in allowing - and in many instances facilitating - the prison rape of accused and convicted sex offenders alike, state authorities transfer the responsibility of corrections to the incarcerated, while also reserving the ability to decry the punishments imposed by the con code as not only "uncivilized" but also reflective of the "animality" and "irrationality" of criminals (Marques Junior 2007: 118, 142). 1 63 Power, Privilege, and the (Extrajudicial) Punishment of Rape in Brazil K. Drybread A six- year- old girl came home from a neighbor's house with blood in her underpants. 17 7 This fourteen- year- old's case was the only one I encountered during my research in which an inmate's sexual assault conviction was never revealed to either rank- and- fi le prison staff or the general prison population. [Extracted from the article]

This article from the Psique magazine presents a series of empirical studies conducted in Brazil and Portugal with a sample of adults. The articles cover different areas of Applied Psychology. The first article validates the Workplace Civility Scale with a sample of 1375 Portuguese workers, while the second article analyzes risk perception in 216 Portuguese workers. Another study analyzes the processes of 283 parents who are perpetrators of sexual violence, and the last study examines the role of social networks, life satisfaction, and self-esteem in 298 young adult Instagram users. The authors, reviewers, and editors are thanked for their contribution to this edition of the magazine. [Extracted from the article]

Based on a feminist approach to law, we analyse dimensions of the performance of the Brazilian judiciary in three judgements of domestic and family violence against women that encompass sexual abuse. We show how gender-based violence is constructed in agreed decisions, on lawsuits under the Maria da Penha law, which is considered a landmark in Brazilian legislation on gender. Using a narrative approach and the concept of entextualisation, the analysis focuses firstly on the judicial acts as legal trajectories and the presentation of the episode of sexual violence that led to the judicial process. A second focus is on constructions of these same episodes in different instances of the judicial acts. We found that agents of the penal system, in applying the Maria da Penha law, reaffirm dominant structures of subjectivity, allowing a pre-established set of values against which the law sought precisely to break. Different judges provide divergent understandings in a single trial and may reveal more or less involvement with the political perspectives of the law. The findings have implications for discussions of women's rights through criminal law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of domestic violence in adolescent and adult mothers who were admitted to obstetrics services centers in Brazil and to identify risk factors of domestic violence and any adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Researchers used standardized interviews, the questionnaire Abuse Assessment Screen, and a review of patients' medical records. Descriptive statistical analyses were also used. The prevalence of domestic violence among all participants totaled 40.1% (38.5% of adolescents, 41.7% of adults). Factors associated with domestic violence during pregnancy were as follows: a history of family violence, a greater number of sexual partners, and being a smoker. No statistically significant association was found for adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Results showed that, in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, pregnancy did not protect a woman from suffering domestic violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As women enter the dental profession in increasing numbers in North America and around the world, the questions of how they perceive their environment and what kind of barriers they face are important subjects to be addressed. The aim of this study was to assess and compare women dental students' perceptions of bias in their environment and experiences of sexual misconduct at one dental school in each of four countries. In spring 2017, 1,293 female students at four dental schools in the U.S., Bulgaria, Brazil, and India were invited to participate in a 24-item survey developed by researchers from the four countries; 990 students responded (response rate 76.6%). The overall majority of the respondents reported thinking the admissions process at their school was fair (79.7%); but a fifth of U.S. and Brazilian students perceived their school was not fully embracing of females, with most Bulgarian students agreeing (87.2%) and all Indian students disagreeing. Most respondents overall perceived that male faculty members did not favor male students (79.5%) and did not think there was discrimination against female students by faculty (87.1%), but half of the U.S. respondents reported feeling discriminated against by both male faculty and male students. When the responses "I've been verbally harassed" and "I've been somewhat verbally harassed" were combined, 10.1% of the U.S. respondents reported verbal harassment, compared to 20% of Brazilian, 15% of Bulgarian, and 2% of Indian respondents. When the responses "I've been sexually assaulted" and "I've been somewhat sexually assaulted" were combined, 6% of U.S. respondents reported being sexually assaulted, compared to 6.2% of Brazilian, 2.5% of Bulgarian, and none of the Indian respondents. Almost half (46.9%) of these students overall perceived their school was not or only somewhat vigilant about issues of sexual misconduct, and only 54% said they would feel comfortable or very comfortable reporting misconduct. These results suggest that academic dental institutions in all four countries need improvements to make their environments more equitable and free of bias and sexual misconduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the architecture of online environments as facilitating both the performance and the staging, within a Brazilian context, of a sexualised femininity that is stereotypically reductive to hegemonic definitions of body image and bodily practices. While online performances can be considered as postfeminist attempts at reclaiming agency through the reappropriation of traditional signifiers of femininity, this staging of femininity ultimately objectifies women by stabilising boundaries of gendered power relations, thus reinforcing a normative connection between gender and sexuality. By focusing on three recent cases of online harassment that occurred in Brazilian social media, I unravel the connection between misogyny and a neoliberal culture of hypersexualized performance of femininity, which commodifies the signifiers of gendered difference. Despite the differences involved in each of the case-studies analysed, they all demonstrate how digital intimacy articulates “a particular knowledge about the other,” ascribing value to certain bodies over others. Using discourse analysis of corpus data, I investigate how language is used to categorise and identify the female protagonists in these case-studies, so as to include and exclude particular forms of “femininity” from discourse. The article concludes that the subversive potential of social media is constituted, in the Brazilian context, not so much by the postfeminist capacity to playfully create a rupture with a prevalent culture of gendered normativity, but rather by the possibility of surveilling and disciplining the boundaries of femininity, with a punitive dimension of “public exposure” that violently reinforces gendered power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To describe the experiences of women who have suffered sexual violence and the impact and importance of that violence on their lives. Background Sexual violence against women is a serious problem worldwide. Studies need to investigate how women reorganise their lives after experiencing sexual violence. Design A qualitative design was used to explore women's experiences. Methods This study analysed semistructured interviews of 11 women who had experienced a sexual assault. The interviews were performed at a specialised walk-in clinic at a university hospital in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. A thematic analysis of the content led to the identification of the following themes: (1) impact and meaning of the violence; (2) feelings; (3) overcoming the violence and (4) expectations for the future. Results Sexual violence had a devastating impact on the lives of these women. The women's postviolence experiences caused feelings of guilt, impotence, fragility and immobility. These experiences also instilled a belief that they may have 'provoked' the violence. Nevertheless, the women showed resilience, investing all of their energy in returning their lives to pre-violence conditions. Family, friends and other important people, as well as the care that the women received from health services, were cited as factors that sustained this attitude of resilience. Conclusions Providing appropriate care to female victims of sexual assault requires not only treating the physical damage caused by the violence but also evaluating the particularities of the experience's emotional impact on each woman and the psychosocial repercussions of the experience. Relevance to clinical practice Health professionals should follow up with women during their recovery period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a summary of the status of child and adolescent rights in Brazil. It describes the evolution of the legislation, particularly after the implementation of the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA). Analyzed topics include life, identity, health, protection, education, and housing. The violation of child and youth rights is also considered, with an emphasis on child labour, sexual violence, and exploitation. Although much progress has been made in terms of protecting and guaranteeing such rights, Brazil is far from attaining the ideals determined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the ECA. For this to happen, a culture of respect for child and adolescent rights has to be implemented in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Sexual assault often triggers posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a potentially chronic severe mental disorder. Most guidelines recommend selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and trauma-focused psychotherapies as treatment options. Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), adapted for PTSD (IPT-PTSD), focuses on interpersonal consequences of trauma rather than confronting the trauma itself. Studies have found IPT-PTSD efficaciously reduced PTSD symptoms with limited attrition. No efficacy trials have compared IPT-PTSD and SSRI. We hypothesized IPT would reduce PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms more than sertraline among women with PTSD following a recent sexual assault. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of IPT-PTSD to SSRI sertraline in a 14-week randomized clinical trial for women with PTSD following a recent sexual assault. Methods: Seventy-four women with PTSD who had suffered sexual assault in the last six months were randomly assigned to 14 weeks of IPT-PTSD ( n  = 39) or sertraline ( n  = 35). Instruments assessed PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. This randomized clinical trial was conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-5 (CAPS-5) as the primary outcome measure. Results: Both treatments significantly reduced PTSD, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, without between-group outcome differences. CAPS-5 mean decreased from 42.5 (SD = 9.4) to 27.1 (SD = 15.9) with sertraline and from 42.6 (SD = 9.1) to 29.1 (SD = 15.5) with IPT-PTSD. Attrition was high in both arms ( p  = .40). Conclusions: This trial showed within-group improvements without differences between IPT-PTSD and sertraline treatment of PTSD. Our findings suggest that non-exposure-based psychotherapies may benefit patients with PTSD, although we did not directly compare these treatments to an exposure therapy. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-3z474z., Competing Interests: JCM declares a minor conflict of interest regarding book royalties on IPT. The other authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

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Although available for over a decade, use of nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) remains controversial in the United States. There are concerns over sexual assault survivors' adherence, or lack thereof, leading to increased costs without an appreciable decrease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. This review examines and synthesizes the available literature from the past 10 years to determine the true rates of provision and adherence to nPEP regimens in sexual assault survivors in low HIV prevalence, industrialized nations. Findings suggest that further prospective research is necessary to better understand the process of post-assault nPEP evaluation and subsequent follow-up and adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual harassment has been investigated mostly in developed countries. The authors examined frequency rates and consequences of sexual harassment among female domestic workers in Brazil. Twenty-six percent had been sexually harassed at work during the past year. Live-in workers were at significantly greater risk for experiencing sexual harassment than those residing in their own homes, when controlling for participants' age, race, and social class. Women residing in their employers' residences used more alcohol and drugs than their counterparts. Harassed women had significantly higher self-esteem impairment and anxiety and depression than nonharassed women. Nonharassed women residing in their own homes had the best physical well-being. Concerning participants' worst sexually harassing experiences, the perpetrators were likely to be men (75%), who also engaged in more severe types of sexual harassment than female perpetrators. The emotional reactions to such incidents were significantly more negative when perpetrated by men than by women. Implications for foreign in-home workers employed by Europeans and North Americans are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Evaluation of DNA databases effectiveness for sexual untested SAKs in Brazil. • The increase of profiles in DNA databases is positively associated with matches. • Upload of evidences' and criminals' profiles optimizes matches. • Our results reflect the recent use of DNA databases in Brazil. Accumulation of sexual assault evidences unsubmitted to forensic DNA testing raises concern and it favors low rates of sexual crimes resolution. However, with the advent of DNA databases, these evidences have provided valuable information for investigations. In Brazil, the use of DNA databases is recent and few studies assessed their contribution to criminal resolution. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of the DNA Database of Goias State, Central Brazil (BPG-SPTC/GO) in the resolution of sexual crimes without suspects through the insertion of profiles obtained from stored untested evidences collected between 2004 and 2018. Samples were submitted to DNA extraction by differential lysis, followed by the amplification of STR autosomal markers, capillary electrophoresis analysis in the ABI 3500 genetic analyzer and insertion in the BPG-SPTC/GO using CODIS 7 software. The rate of eligible samples for insertion and rates related to the obtained matches were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with Epi Info ™ v.7 and BioEstat 5.0 software. A total of 275 samples were submitted to DNA testing, 202 out of them (73.5%) presented eligible profiles for insertion. A total of 176 (64%; 176/202) were inserted, one crime scene profile from each case. Overall, 60 hits were generated, all series sexual matches; a higher prevalence of forensic hits was detected (81.7%; 49/60) and a total of 32 criminal investigations were assisted (18.2%; 32/176). As the use of DNA databases in Brazil is recent and Brazilian criminal law has stringent requirements, our results reinforce that the use of DNA databases for stored sexual crimes evidences is a feasible forensic tool and that the increasing of the number of both types of profiles in DNA databases, evidences and criminals, causes positive reflects on the number of matches generated. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate if this effectiveness reflects positively on conviction rates of sexual crimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case control study to analyse sexual violence against women, which is a risk factor for dispareunia. Topics include analysis of patients served at the Pérola Byington Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and history of sexual violence by physician, and hypoactive sexual desire disorder among most frequent FSD.