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On-farm agricultural water reservoirs in Brunei are prone to evaporation due to the hot tropical climate with higher temperatures combined with the increasingly unpredictable climate change. Reservation of water during the rainy season was practised to supply water in the hot season. However, reserved water also gets a significant loss due to wind speeds, humidity gradient, and high temperatures. In this project, evaporation loss in the water reservoir has been investigated. This project has studied the water catchment at the Institute of Brunei Technological Education (IBTE) Agro-Technology Campus and analyse the effectiveness of reducing the evaporation rate between water permeable shade cloth, shade balls, and banana leaves. Cost-benefits analysis has also been done for these methods. This project utilised pools to test the hypothesis that covering a water reservoir surface will reduce the evaporation rate. Shade cloth was found to be the most effective evaporation control which reduced the evaporation rate by an average of 64%, followed by a floating ball by 41%. Whereas the banana leaf cover provided an insignificant evaporation reduction by 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gas, which traps heat in the atmosphere and leads to climate change and global warming. Brunei Darussalam has a high carbon dioxide emission with a concerning number of 18.28 tons per capita, higher than larger countries. This research aims to study and analyze the carbon emission of a sector in Brunei Darussalam; the transportation of attendees from Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB). The carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) of a vehicle is calculated by multiplying the fuel consumption in liters/100km and the fuel type conversion value in kg CO2eq. A survey was distributed to collect the attendees' vehicle information, their driving habits and knowledge on carbon footprint. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistical analysis in Jeffrey's Amazing Statistic Program and concluded that the majority of the respondents has high transportation CO2eq, low priority on eco-friendly vehicles and low practice of reducing their transport CO2eq. However, most respondents are interested to learn about Brunei's attempt in increasing the sales on electric vehicles before the year 2035. Their interest in the topic can help in education on the importance of reducing carbon footprint in Brunei and expand the awareness on the matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current increasing globalized economy, it is becoming more challenging for small and medium sized enterprise (SME) to continue to exist and grow in today's competitive business and global market. A lot of enterprises have started to recognize the current competition happens between supply chains instead of individual companies. Hence, this project investigates the present supply chain management in Brunei SMEs specifically grocery stores for pasteurised milk, using insights from 64 cases. This project will also be investigating the reason behind frequent stock outs as well as low variation of pasteurised milk in SMEs in Brunei by studying their current supply chain management (SCM) practice. The research instrument was a survey form. The IBM SPSS Statistical Software was used as the research tool to analyse the current supply chain management in Brunei. Based on the findings, the major sources of stock outages in Brunei are due to poor demand and inventory planning, and poor integration in the supply chain. To conclude this research, SMEs in Brunei should consider managing their supply chain network instead of their own individual company. The efficiency of the SCM practice can be improved through the use of the latest technology where demand and supply can be managed better. Forecasting is suggested to determine demand uncertainty, while the economic order quantity (EOQ) method can be used in demand and inventory planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]