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The Argentinean case –given an early modernization and the singularity of its reversal of development- is instructive about the role of education on intergenerational class mobility. We propose a wide historical analysis of time variations in intergenerational class mobility and the role of education over different periods in urban Argentina –specifically in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, from 1960 to 2017. This is the first time a long-term social mobility study has been conducted in Argentina. We analyse intergenerational social mobility according to EGP class scheme, using absolute rates, log-linear models, and long-term counterfactual analysis. Results show a social fluidity process for men but not for women. The counterfactual analysis exhibits that most social fluidity among men was due to a reduction in the direct class origin-class destination effect. No evidence of effects of educational expansion or educational equalization is observed. This presence of moderate social fluidity has not been linked to a modernization process which expands vertical upward mobility. Instead, it took place in a context of deindustrialization and the decline of the skilled working class. • Argentina is a singular case of early modernization and reversal of development. • The country showed an early educational expansion, whose rhythm declined since 1970. • Men all 3way interactions over cohorts declined after 1970. Women remained constant. • Educational expansion does not contribute to generate social fluidity. • Counterfactuals analyses shows social fluidity only for men OD direct effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]