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The article presents a comparative study of how land and property were measured, demarcated and registered during the 19th century in the provinces of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). The author cites the colonial legacy concerning the ownership of property and explores the legal frameworks developed in both countries for the differentiation between private and public lands, the purchase of property and ownership rights. She also discusses government intervention in the surveying and mapping of the provinces' lands.