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The article outlines the conflict between Pope Nicholas I and Patriarch Photios in the second half of the 9th century. It states that the conflict stemmed from Bulgaria's ecclesiastical relationship. It suggests that studying the conflict will help to understand how the papacy's attention shifted towards the Slavonic mission. A historical background of the Bulgarian conversion to Christianity is described. The historical and legal aspects of two most letters written by Photios and by Pope Nicholas are explored.