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The purpose of the study reported in this article was to investigate high school teachers' perceptions of special privilege given to student-athletes. Additionally, researchers sought to explore teachers' perceptions as to why these privileges exist and who controls them. Qualitative data were collected from the teaching staff (N = 40) at one high school in southern California. Findings revealed that athletic privileges exist and that most teachers had a favorable attitude toward those privileges. In addition, coaches and administrators were identified as direct advocates for athletic privileges. Theoretical and practical implications of athletic privilege are discussed.

Studies have examined the impact of environmental variables on academic achievement among student athletes in the revenue-generating sports of men's basketball and football. However, while evidence concerning the positive impact of male student athlete and faculty interaction is virtually unequivocal, we are not certain whether the benefits accruing from particular types of interaction vary across different racial/ethnic groups. This study explores the relationship between male Black and White student athletes and faculty as well as the impact of specific forms of student athlete-faculty interaction on academic achievement. Data are drawn from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program's 2000 Freshman Survey and 2004 Follow-Up Survey. The sample includes 1031 White and 739 Black football and basketball players attending predominantly White institutions. Regression results indicate that the impact of the contact or interaction is to some extent contingent upon the specific nature of the interaction for Black and White male student athletes. The findings also suggest that Black and White male student athletes did not benefit equally from their interactions with faculty. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed among student athletes, faculty and student affairs leaders in order to improve male Black and White student athlete-faculty communication, as well as enrich their overall college experience. (Contains 1 figure and 2 tables.)

Focuses on the conflict between opponents and advocates of dams and the formulation of the first water policy in the state of California. Development of the Dos Dios wild and scenic river system; Controversy regarding the emergence of public trust doctrine in California's Mono Basin; State control of federal hydraulic projects.

Introduction: The primary objective was to identify the most common reasons for intending to cut back on alcohol use, in emergency department (ED) and trauma patient populations. The secondary objective was to determine the association between reason to cut back on alcohol and education level., Methods: We conducted the study at a level one trauma center in California between 2008 and 2012. This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from computerized alcohol screening and intervention (CASI). We excluded patients who drank too little, and those whose scores were consistent with dependency (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]>19). The CASI database includes the patient's age, gender, language, education level, an AUDIT score (1-40 scale), a readiness to change score (1-10), and the option to choose any of 10 "reasons to cut back" on their alcohol consumption., Results: From 10,537 patients, 1,202 met criteria for the study (848 ED, 354 trauma). Overall, the most common reasons cited for cutting back on alcohol were "To avoid health problems" (68.5%), "To avoid getting a DUI" (43.6%), "It could save me money" (42.0%), and "To avoid situations where I could get hurt" (41.0%). Trauma patients cited the following reasons significantly more than ED patients: "To avoid situations where I could get hurt" (46.3% versus 38.8%, respectively), "So I can be in control of my behavior" (40.7% versus 32.2%), and "My partner or spouse wants me to stop" (20.1% versus 15.0%). Additionally, those patients who cited "To avoid health problems" reported 1.2 points higher than average (p<0.001) on the 10-point readiness to change scale. Those who have completed some college or an associate degree cited "To avoid health problems" less often than high school graduates (odds ratio [OR] 0.45), while they cited "To avoid situations where I could get hurt" (OR 2.5) and "To avoid being in a car crash caused by alcohol use" (OR 3.8) more often than high school graduates., Conclusion: Health, injury, finances, and legal issues remain top concerns for patients, while trauma patients specifically had proportionately more concerns with situations where they could get hurt.