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The article features the research conducted by Tobias Klatte and colleagues on the significance of carbonic anhydrase IX as a molecular marker in Los Angeles, California. Result shows carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a bladder cancer-specific antigen that is not expressed in normal urothelial tissue but is expressed in 70-90% of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). It reveals that the expression is usually heterogeneous with a maximum staining seen on the luminal surfaces of the papillae.