1. Molecular Characterization of Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (HEV) Obtained from Clinical Samples in Western Canada 2017-2018.
- Author
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Palomino-Tapia V, Mitevski D, Inglis T, van der Meer F, and Abdul-Careem MF
- Subjects
- Adenoviridae Infections epidemiology, Adenoviridae Infections virology, Adenovirus E3 Proteins chemistry, Adenovirus E3 Proteins genetics, Adenovirus Vaccines immunology, Animals, Canada epidemiology, Capsid Proteins chemistry, Capsid Proteins genetics, Genes, Viral, Glycosylation, Mutation, Open Reading Frames, Siadenovirus immunology, Siadenovirus isolation & purification, Siadenovirus pathogenicity, Spleen virology, Viral Proteins genetics, Virulence Factors genetics, Whole Genome Sequencing, Adenoviridae Infections veterinary, Genome, Viral, Poultry Diseases virology, Siadenovirus genetics, Turkeys virology
- Abstract
Hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is an immunosuppressive adenovirus that causes an acute clinical disease characterized by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in 4-week-old turkeys and older. Recurrent incidence of secondary infections (e.g., systemic bacterial infections, cellulitis, and elevated mortality), may be associated with the presence of field-type HEV in Canadian turkey farms. We speculate that field-type HEV and vaccine/vaccine-like strains can be differentiated through analysis of the viral genomes, hexon genes, and the specific virulence factors (e.g., ORF1, E3, and fib knob domain). Nine out of sixteen spleens obtained from cases suspected of immunosuppression by HEV were analyzed. The limited data obtained showed that: (1) field-type HEV circulates in many non-vaccinated western Canadian flocks; (2) field-type HEV circulates in vaccinated flocks with increased recurrent bacterial infections; and (3) the existence of novel point mutations in hexon, ORF1, E3, and specially fib knob domains. This is the first publication showing the circulation of wild-type HEV in HEV-vaccinated flocks in Western Canada, and the usefulness of a novel procedure that allows whole genome sequencing of HEV directly from spleens, without passaging in cell culture or passaging in vivo. Further studies focusing more samples are required to confirm our observations and investigate possible vaccination failure.
- Published
- 2020
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