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Timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors are becoming more commonly used in mass timber construction due to their increased stiffness and strength relative to nonconcrete composite timber floors. Current building codes do not recognize the contribution of the composite action of TCC floors to their combined strength and fire performance. Extensive structural testing is required for structural engineers to design fire protection in timber buildings that use TCC floors using either alternate means and methods or structural fire engineering. This paper presents two experimental studies conducted to examine (1) properties of shear connection systems used in TCC floors through ambient temperature direct shear tests, and (2) the behavior of TCC floors through large-scale fire tests performed at the National Research Council (NRC) in Canada. The main objective of this research is to collect data on the fundamental behavior of TCC floors in a fire. The results indicate that TCC floors have improved fire performance when compared with mass timber floors. In addition, the research quantifies the force-slip behavior of the shear connectors used and benchmarks the flexural behavior of TCC floors at ambient and elevated temperatures to existing analytical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]