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This article documents weaving as a decolonizing epistemic tool for feminist futures that emerges from the work of our collective -- the Feminist Imaginary Research Network. As a collective of feminist adult educators who work in both the academy and women's museums, weaving challenges the centrality of rationality over other ways of knowing and being. Following the teachings of Indigenous women thinkers and artists, including the work of some of our members, we frame weaving as an epistemic tool and aesthetic language for future-making. Weaving acts upon us as a mirror of our history, as an antidote against the supremacy of rationality, and as a tool for collective projects of transformation. As a decolonizing tool, weaving gathers us around Indigenous women's traditional knowledge, but also confronts us with the question of our obligations when the teachings of weaving have been offered to us -- what is our responsibility to the work, to each other, and to this emergent knowledge?

We present a dialogue between two community-based scholars in Tio'tia:ke/Montréal, who are examining the experiences of low-income Black families and youth, and gender-diverse, homeless youth. We argue that success must be understood differently in light of the systemic discrimination many youth navigate in schools and explore how research may mirror experiences of discrimination and lack of access that youth navigate in schools. The article highlights how relational research approaches may provide lessons for supporting youth and community leadership and posits that we must foster deep practices of trust-building, shared aims for research impact, and trust in youth.

This collaborative theoretical essay considers how an Embodied Ethic of Care Framework (Sodhi, 2022), which is informed by Black feminist thought and Indigenous African thought, offers a different way of being in international education. We describe international education in Canada, which focuses on the economy and leads to "conditional hospitality" (Ahmed, 2012) and the commodification of international students (Guo & Guo, 2017). We juxtapose the five elements of the framework to instances of international education in Canada. We demonstrate how current connections with international students are transactional which replicates harmful historical relationships between people of colour, capitalism, and colonialism. The Embodied Ethic of Care Framework is an antidote for this colonial violence because it places relationship building at the center. We invite readers to consider how an ethic of care might inspire a different way of being that could redress coloniality and systemic racism in their own internationalized contexts.

As a patriarchal and neoliberal construct, professionalism actively contorts the embodied care work of this femme profession into a predetermined frame, fragmenting, constricting, and harming educators' identities. In this paper, we briefly outline the ongoing project of professionalism both in the ECEC sector broadly and in the unique context of Ontario, Canada. Taking up Lauren Berlant's concept of cruel optimism, we assert that professionalism in ECEC is cruel. We situate our example of cruel professionalism within the Ontario, Canada context and take up the Association of Early Childhood Educators Ontario's (AECEO) grassroots community-building work grounded in feminist ethics of care and the idea of caring activism to subvert this cruelty. We do this by centering the voices and lived experiences of ECEs working in a marginalized corner of the ECEC sector who are also active members of a grassroots advocacy community of practice (CoP) associated with the AECEO. Through their narratives the cruelty of professionalism is exposed, and the collective improvisation of caring activism amongst ECEs is revealed. We conclude by offering a caring optimism as a proposition and an open question for redefining and reconstituting what it means to be a professional ECE.

My social position emerges from years of activism and a rural, working-class history. For decades, I have worked in adult/lifelong learning and development--inside communities and post-secondary institutions--always with the goal of achieving a more just and equitable world. While I aspire to these ideals, I have also had to learn that acts of solidarity involve learning when to step forward and when to step back, and a willingness to step into the unknown. In this autoethnography I choose a few examples from life experience that illustrate solidarity in action and what might be termed revolutionary praxis. Using examples from my work in global/international development, settler-Indigenous relations, feminism, and public transportation, I explore activism and solidarity. Finally, I offer insights into how solidarity functions in spaces of adult learning, including attention to paradoxes or attempting to "do good" while reinforcing inequalities embedded in neoliberal funding, social histories, and authority structures. Positions of solidarity require deep levels of consciousness raising. In my experience, no transformation is without challenges, risk, and acts of courage.

This article delves into the multifaceted nature of the placenta, both as a physiological organ and a cultural symbol, through personal narrative, Indigenous-feminist scholarship, and scientific inquiry. Beginning with the author's pregnancy experience and reflections on birth practices, it navigates the placenta's role in childbirth, its cultural significance, and the lack of discourse surrounding its importance. The inquiry expands to incorporate contemporary issues such as microplastic pollution and its presence in human placenta, emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental pollution and colonialism. Through the lens of anticolonial science and art as ritual, the article proposes artful avenues for engaging with placenta/placentae as an object lesson and environmental activism, advocating for a deeper understanding of our relationship with the land.

The purpose of this article is to examine how the discourse of childhood innocence masks the ways in which sexual violence by boys against girls is perpetrated in kindergarten. Findings from a year-long ethnographic study conducted in two Canadian kindergarten classrooms show that narrow understandings of gender and sexuality in childhood obscure schools' responses to problematic gendered behaviors enacted by certain boys. The author contends that in failing to attend to gender and sexuality with young children, kindergarten education may contribute profoundly to the early normalization of sexual violence. The article concludes with a discussion on the role that kindergarten education can play in countering sexual violence inside and outside of schools.

This article explores the hidden gendered curriculum concealed in the texts, exhibitions and other structural devices of museums and what they teach visitors to see and think. Grounded in conceptualisations of culture, representation, and language, past feminist studies of museums and applying feminist visual discourse analysis (FVDA) we found hiding in plain sight in public museums in Canada and England a diversity of 'languages' that subversively aggrandised masculine power and privilege and (re)inscribed negative or limited understandings to women which we argue as feminist adult educators have epistemic, identity and agency consequences. We also argue that whilst museums are trying to address often centuries old exclusionary gendered practices progress is slow because these practices are so embedded and unconscious and reflect pervasive social notions of 'common sense'. Our study makes an important contribution to feminist museum studies by rendering visible a web of complex structural and textual gendered biases and to adult education. By adding museums to our curricula we can provide our students with a visual and immersive way to hone the critical visual literacy skills needed to understand more fully how both seen and unseen languages operate not just in the museum, but across society.

Play is a highly valued pedagogy in early learning settings around the world. Supporters of play have emphasised the benefits of this approach in promoting children's development and learning and their alleged freedom to choose, explore, and follow their interests. Feminist research, however, has shown that play contexts can be key sites that perpetuate gender inequalities. Building on this scholarship, I apply a critical feminist lens to examine the gendered effects of a recent shift in a Canadian province towards full-day play-based learning in kindergarten. Analysis of ethnographic data collected in two classrooms reveals that not all children may benefit from play-based learning. Instead, the findings show that the play settings in this study implicitly propagated patriarchal values that upheld hierarchal gender divisions and legitimized sexist practices among children in play. Specifically, in this paper I examine the subordination of girls through role allocations in the big blocks center. Given these findings, I discuss the need for critical gender literacy and transformative action among early education stakeholders.

Background: This paper analyzes a remembered shared experience of cocurricular designing and coteaching an experiential learning pilot project in a university study abroad program (SAP) that emphasized social justice. Purpose: We look back because the pilot program is a significant demonstration of what complexities can arise when feminist educators bring their own politics and pedagogies to experiential learning and study abroad education contexts; we understand this as valuable because "experience" broadly is complex. Memory is crucial to feminist educators because it indicates the development of care, ethics, pedagogy, politics, and priorities, and so, we ask: what pedagogical insights can be gained through revisiting our enmeshed personal/professional memories of cocurricular designing and coteaching an experiential learning series for study abroad students? Methodology: We use self-study and memory work to analyze memory objects (curriculum materials) and narratives (of teaching) to explore this pedagogical work and highlight generative tensions that emerged while employing a critical feminist approach to work not initially conceptualized with this framing. Findings: We uncovered three key tensions: personal, community, and racial that troubled emergent issues related to difference, discourse, and positionality. Implications: This project offers pedagogical insights into how oppression and inequality may enter experiential learning and study abroad spaces.

Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism pose a unique experience, especially when one is readily identifiable as a Muslim through hijab, a head covering worn by some Muslim women. Although frequently conflated with racial identity, Muslim women are uniquely impacted by the intersection of race, gender, and religious identity. In this paper, I explore the intersection of race, gender, and religious identity in higher education through critical autoethnography. Utilizing the lenses of postcolonial feminism and critical whiteness studies, I examine my lived experiences as a visibly Muslim and racialized woman teaching at a predominantly white institution in Southern Ontario. Through this exploration, I discuss a pattern of racism and Islamophobia in the academy, and how the inadequacy of addressing incidents reinforces and reproduces racism and Islamophobia.

In this article, I provide a critical reading of the now-removed statue of Sir John A. Macdonald in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada. I bring together my own experience visiting the statue with understandings from Indigenous scholarship and public pedagogy theorizing to think about commemorations as public pedagogies that are foremost relational. I consider how the Macdonald statue works narratively, discursively, and as a site of embodied encounter to create a harmful relationality. Thinking relationally, and pedagogically, about colonial statues suggests possibilities not only for understanding how these commemorative practices produce bad relations but also for envisioning and enacting good relations.

Starting a career in academia is often fraught with uncertainty, turbulence, and isolation, as aspiring professors manage multiple, often contract-based roles in order to advance their curriculum vitae and secure a livelihood. In this research study, we use narrative inquiry to illuminate the role our critical friendship has played in our academic experience. Turning to the ethic of care (Noddings, 2006) as a theoretical and conceptual framework, we reveal to ourselves, and to the academic landscape, the common themes that contextualize academia for emerging scholars, including seeking employment, managing our roles as graduate students, dealing with tensions in the workplace, and managing the logistics of personal life events as they pertain to the workplace. The ethic of care was steeped into the continued development of each cyclical phase of our critical friendship (Wideman-Johnston & Brewer, 2014). Furthermore, our critical friendship provided empowerment, an overarching theme in our data, as we engaged with the joys and pains of being emerging academics through continued unguarded conversations (Baskerville & Goldblatt, 2009; Wideman-Johnston & Brewer, 2014). As our critical friendship grew more trusting and empowering, the fulfillment of "natural care" (Noddings, 2006) was realized. We share our findings to offer a new way forward, whereby authentic critical friendships provide the care necessary to empowering emerging academics.

In Canada, women are earning an increasing number of doctoral degrees; yet, they are less likely to secure a tenure-track position. A feminist thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 academic mothers from two Canadian universities reveals the range of challenges that mothers encounter in relation to care on the tenure-track. First, the theme of "fear of post-partum academic erasure" captured faculty mothers' experiences of feeling compelled to assert their physical and intellectual presence in post-partum during peak periods of infant care. The second theme, "the mommy tenure track and care choices," encapsulated academic mothers' experiences of feeling unsupported by the university in their pursuit of promotion and tenure given care responsibilities associated with motherhood. The final theme, "research while caring," captured the tensions academic mothers experience between the research process and caring. The findings of this research are particularly relevant in a pandemic and post-pandemic environment, where academic mothers have seen their care work swell to unprecedented proportions.

This article derives from part of a larger study on sexual violence prevention in teacher education that analyses the narratives of fifteen teacher candidates in an Ontario university. It begins by providing a rationale for the research, which engages emerging teachers as key stakeholders in prevention education. Narrative inquiry was conducted to understand the experiences of teacher candidates who were troubled by the programme's lack of education and training on sexuality education and sexual violence prevention. Teacher candidates reflected that their first education about consent and sexual violence occurred in a postsecondary rather than an elementary or secondary school context. As part of the teacher certification programme, participants felt entitled to learn about sexuality education methodologies and sexual violence prevention education. As emerging teachers, they expressed the desire to know how to teach young people about sex and consent, healthy relationships, boundaries, and the sociopolitical contexts of sexual violence, as well as how to sensitively respond to disclosure. Most pointedly, participants understood the power that effective sexuality education by trained teachers may have in reducing victimisation, thereby contributing to educational equity. Findings are discussed in relation to the literature on feminist understandings of sexuality education and sexual violence prevention.

In this paper we present a working manifesto that emerged from our projects with pedagogists -- a new professional figure in the Canadian early childhood education context. Drawing on feminist scholars' work, we offer this manifesto as a feminist call to actively think against the anti-intellectualism sustained by existing structures in early childhood education, and as a response to the urgent need to think about early childhood education in more complex, pedagogical, political and ethical ways.

This article debates how muscles happen in early childhood education. Drawing on post-developmental pedagogies and feminist science studies, this article integrates moments from a pedagogical inquiry with movement in early childhood education to trace how muscles matter as complex and active ethical, political, and pedagogical concerns. After elaborating how muscles are understood in dominant Canadian pedagogical resources, I think with feminist science studies and post-developmental pedagogies to consider how muscles can be thought as an active undertaking. Then, the diaphragm muscle is mobilised to explore how physiological understandings of muscles might raise questions of muscle consequence, ongoingness, and access and activation, which extend into questions of perceptibility, process, and participation. I conclude by discussing how a focus on 'muscling' illuminates how pedagogical intentions can make muscles differently perceptible and emphasise the ethical and political complexities of doing muscling in everyday mo(ve)ments in early childhood.

North American feminist scholarship on violence against women (VAW) focuses primarily on gendered-based violence and does not substantively incorporate intersectionality. In this paper, I offer a comparative analysis of Canadian Indigenous and White middle-class adolescent girls' narratives of toxic masculinity, rape culture and sexual violence. I use VAW research, Indigenous feminist theory and girlhood studies to focus on the following: (1) the 'boys will be boys' discourse, (2) the feminist critique of the stranger danger discourse and (3) the surveillance of girls. I analyze focus group data with girls (aged 13-19 years). I am interested in how girls both accept and resist the status quo in their day-to-day negotiations with family, peers, schools and public spaces.

Rape culture and sexual violence have especially entered popular discourse in recent years, largely due to the significant activism of Tarana Burke's #MeToo movement. As such, because educators are increasingly taking up these topics, approaches to such intense subject matter in literacy learning need to be creatively and critically (re)considered so as to privilege more inclusive stories of sexual trauma and cultivate radical resistance against rape culture. Emerging from a feminist qualitative study that examined how secondary teacher candidates responded to a trauma text set of sexual assault narratives, as well as proposed antirape pedagogy for the secondary English classroom, this paper explores the testimonial discourses that surfaced. Teacher candidates participants either offered their own "Me Too" moments -- that is, disclosures of experiencing sexual violence in some way, or disclosed witnessing trauma testimony, usually by a loved one.

This article offers a theoretical provocation through conceptualizing a pedagogy of care as a means of caring "with" students and each other to interrupt the dominance of developmentalism in Canadian post-secondary early childhood education programs. The authors' conceptualization of care-"full" as pedagogy is rooted in the premises that education is always ethical and political, and caring "about," "for" and "with" others is necessary to establish equitable, democratic spaces at the post-secondary level. In contrast to the developmental framework embraced in many Canadian post-secondary early childhood education programs, the authors describe how a critical, care-"full" overarching pedagogical framework provides room for educators and students to deeply and meaningfully explore developmentalism "and" other theoretical frameworks. They argue that a pedagogy of care rooted in feminist care ethics and Freire's critical theory can contribute to establishing a safe learning climate where developmentalism can be critiqued and alternative ways to think about children's development can be contested, explored and debated. As the authors are conceptualizing it, a care-full pedagogical framework intentionally supports the intellectual, ethical and political risk-taking necessary for critique and alternative thinking. They follow this provocation through by imagining what a care-full pedagogy might look and feel like in a post-secondary early childhood education course on child development.

As a Black feminist scholar who teaches in an early childhood studies program, the author has witnessed how dominant theories and methods used for pre-service early childhood education and care disconnect students from their lived experiences. The detachment of social location in theoretical text, and particularly in developmental discourse, is not isolated to the field; it is instead a result of the fragmentation of knowledge, which is central in the modern colonial project. The author explores what the possibilities are for Black feminist scholarship in pre-service early childhood education and care while unpacking the many racial and intersecting injustices in the field. The dominant research and pedagogy practices in early childhood education and care have limitations, with omissions of the nuances of the critical engagement of students, families and community more broadly through lived experience. When assumptions of detached and 'objective' knowledge are centred, then ideas that challenge norms and the status quo are omitted or peripheralized, when they are included. The article explores the possibilities of what the author calls 'embedded transformative change' -- a change that is central to pedagogy and research in the field of early childhood education and care as opposed to being placed at the margins. Through embedded transformative change, members of pre-service early childhood education and care programs can think of themselves as active agents in change and liberation.

We are five early childhood researchers, from across Canada, thrown together amongst a series of alarming discourses, where developmental, economic, and neuroscientific rationales for ECEC drown out alternative theoretical perspectives, as well as personal experience, values, subjective knowledges, and the fierce passion we feel for our work. In the midst of this "throwntogethness" (Massey, 2005), how do we bring our situated knowings and desires to these discursive material relational mashups? How do we engage with the throwntogetherness that is the Canadian ECEC field as we knit together alternative ways of being, doing, and acting, figuring out what resonates in localized situations (Osgood, 2006)? To begin to answer these questions, we think with feminist theory (Bezanson; 2018; Langford et al., 2016; Prentice, 2009); the politics of the event of place, (Massey, 2005) and relational and spatial networked discursive entanglements (Massey, 2005; Nichols et al., 2012; Ingold, 1995; Haraway, 2016) as we untangle three vignettes related to advocating for a competent universal public ECEC system; writing post-developmental curriculum frameworks; and weaving productive relationships between university researchers and early childhood practitioners. These vignettes illuminate our struggles to "stay with the trouble," as Haraway (2016) suggests, stubbornly hanging on to the hope of producing new terms of belonging (Burns & Lundh, 2011) as a form of resistance, allowing us to open up spaces to imagine, tell alternative stories (Moss, 2014), and create real change within our local contexts.

Place is often seen as a location of meaning. But whose meaning fills the location? Who defines meaning? What kind of meaning do we seek? These questions inadvertently call on place-based education to reflect on the often-unexamined meaning of place prevailing in the field. This paper draws substantially on the work of critical feminist geographies and the author's own experience as a transient woman of colour to explore the diverse thoughts on and framing of place and to reveal how place is conceived, perceived, and lived through interrelated place anchors. The paper proposes this framework of place anchors in hopes that educators will have an entry point to critically reflect on and understand place as they/we engage in various place pedagogies.

This article focuses on one aspect of a literacy research project: how reading and language enable embodied processes that allow for fluidity and becomings outside of the static, molar normative discourse in society and consequently in language education. I explain how one research participant continues becoming outside of white settler-colonial understandings of bilingual-immigrant-racialized-woman, through reading a counternarrative fiction in a book club. Using a feminist Deleuzian methodology, I blend different data to make connections drawing on Coloma, Deleuze and Guattari, and Sumara. Through the analysis of one hot spot, I explain how the participant continues becoming through her self-identification as a speaker of Spanish and English, Venezuelan, Latinx immigrant-settler woman, in ways that resist molar, binary white settler-colonial understandings of her subject positions within education and literature, and how she creates a more liveable life through molecularity or fluidity. The inclusion of counternarrative fiction is pertinent for language classrooms, as creating a more liveable life beyond white settler-colonial binaries through embodied processes of reading fiction creates many possibilities for minoritized students.

The world, influenced by 21st century technologies and ecological challenges, has rapidly changed with more ability to "connect" locally and globally and more opportunities to learn from a range of sources. As a result, our learners and their needs have changed. With such rapid changes, conceptions of educational leadership need to reflect these changes utilizing the complexities of the role in society. As a group of educators who work in a School District, Ministry of Education and University teacher education programs, we ask how educational leaders in school districts and teacher education programs can design spaces that engage everyone, recognize everyone's expertise and share responsibility for growth and development, and how in teacher education we can begin to move away from the hierarchical, industrialized model of management to one where everyone feels engaged, valued, and heard. In this paper, we draw on sustainable and distributed leadership ideas, termed by Wheatley (2010) as the "new sciences," informed by tenets from complexity theory. Using a case study approach and narrative insights, this paper elucidates how an ongoing Professional Learning Network (PLN) called Link-to-Practice (L2P) offers an alternative conception of educational leadership.

This case study explores the experiences of nine female-identifying feminist public educators working with Ontario, Canada, sexual assault centres who regularly facilitate discussions about sexual consent and gender-based sexual violence in schools, post-secondary institutions, and community workshops. The educators discuss their experiences of adaptation and "inoculations" for inspiring transformative learning in their audiences, and the ways in which their practice and person have been transformed through their profession. With a focus on the relationships between intersectional feminist pedagogy, social justice education, transformative learning, and public pedagogy, the educators describe their resilience from trauma, critical thinking, and self-reflective practice, highlighting the benefits of co-facilitation, debriefing with colleagues, and mentorship.

This coauthored article is about building solidarity on Canadian university campuses. We construct a narrative in two registers--one justified left, one justified right--that traces our activism within and beyond the university and how our own solidarity has grown over time and informs our current research collaboration. On the one (left) hand, we describe how we as colleagues, comrades, and friends have come to work together in a shared political project across differences. On the other, we discuss how we have designed and are conducting our research. This polyvocal narration--collaborative, shifting between genres--enacts a radical Black feminist praxis, which informs both our decade-long collaboration and also the principles of the research project we have developed to examine Black student activism and coalition building. We close the article with a reflection on how graduate student researchers are collaborating on the project, their insights, and reflections they have shared with us.

This paper implements a feminist new material lens to illuminate how the spaces and objects of play are actively involved in the enactment and normalisation of gender violence in kindergarten. Findings from data collected in two Canadian kindergartens show how the familiar and mundane spatial-material arrangements of play, namely the use of blocks, implicitly propagated hierarchal gender divisions in children's play and facilitated explicit acts of material violence by boys against girls. Drawing on Blaise's (Blaise, M. 2005. "Playing it Straight: Uncovering Gender Discourses in the Early Childhood Classroom." New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, Blaise, M. 2014. "Interfering with Gendered Development: A Timely Intervention." "International Journal of Early Childhood" 46: 317-326.) concept of post-developmentalism, the author concludes with a discussion on the possibilities of feminist new material frameworks in early learning and for re-thinking current play-based practices.

This research uses feminist methodology to investigate the multi-contextual narratives of pre-service teachers in sex education when they were K-12 students, their emerging understandings of sex and sexual violence, and their experiences learning about prevention in undergraduate and teacher education. Participants experienced inadequate sex education in K-12 school, where they learned about sex and sexual violence through the margins of rather than the formal curriculum, leading to difficulty negotiating sexual ethics and developing sexual citizenship. Participants critically reflected on their own teachers' discomfort with teaching about sex and addressing incidences of sexual violence, as well as on the absence of prevention education in the teacher education. They had limited understandings of sexual violence and expressed desire to learn more as they emerge into their teacher roles, to do better than their teachers did. Implications include the need for mandatory integration of prevention education throughout the teacher certification curriculum.

Drawing on data from a larger feminist study that explored how secondary English teacher candidates responded to a sexual trauma text set and pedagogy for teaching such narratives with Canadian adolescents, this paper examines how caretaker discourses emerged in response to these stories and learning. This especially manifested as emerging teacher participants discussed and troubled the notion of 'safety' in schools altogether, searched for ways to cultivate 'safe-er' classroom spaces, and critically considered triggering and content (trigger) warning practices. With the aim of thinking about how educators might build radical classrooms prepared to address Tarana Burke's Me Too movement, the pervasiveness of sexual assault, and the insidiousness of rape culture through literacy learning, this paper details the sometimes precautionary but overall promising ways in which teacher candidates considered tackling difficult subject matter in English Language Arts.

This case study traces the initial investigations in developing a culturally responsive intervention in museum education and curation entitled Elusive Desires. I explore the ways in which curatorial and pedagogical work in an art museum may disrupt traditionally held notions of "Canadian art," the archive, and belonging. Embracing an intersectional approach, I take on a queer feminist Asian diasporic lens to thinking through all aspects of the curatorial intervention, from the participating artists and the educational outreach to the community and school groups. I argue that taking on such a lens enacts curating and museum education as a social intervention that counteracts anti-Asian racism, toxic heterosexual masculinity, and settler-colonial logics that are frighteningly prevalent today.

This article examines the Ontario secondary school curriculum's inclusion of opportunities to teach about gender-based violence, drawing on analysis of the "Social Sciences and Humanities," "Canadian and World Issues," and "Health and Physical Education" curricula and seven teacher interviews. Analysis applies Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis to show that opportunities for teachers to address gender-based violence issues exist, but the use of discourses that emphasize critical engagement with gender-based violence concepts are limited to upper level optional courses. Given their prevalence in Canada, gender-based violence issues should be positioned in the curriculum as essential knowledge, and taught with recognition of the gendered, racialized, and colonial influences that shape both risk and response to gender-based violence.

The following content analysis aims to explore how community development has been conceived in Canadian adult education. The analysis is based on publications of the "Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education" (CJSAE) from 2009 to 2019. This article is motivated by the understanding that community development is an intrinsic part of Canadian adult education history. Thus, having reviewed the CJSAE publications, I have conceived community development within Canadian adult education in five ways: research-based and classroom-based community development, transnational feminist radical community-led development, feminist empowerment-focused community development, film festivals as community development, and queer activism and community development. I conclude by saying that despite community development being a terminology seldom explored in the articles analyzed, the commitment to building communities to liberate and transform society is still the driving force of our field of scholarship and practice.

Informed by critical feminisms, we undertook a cartography of publications in the "Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education" (CJSAE) from 2009 to 2019. We focused on two sets of publications: those that reported on community-based research (CBR) methods and those that aimed to address marginalization as a mode of oppression, with a particular interest in those articles in which CBR and marginalization intersect. Our explorations led us to reflect on important shifts in CBR reported in CJSAE in the decade of study, as well as persistent tensions surrounding the recognition of this research within mainstream academia. We also observed that the theorization of marginalization, and how this concept is taken up with respect to researcher positionality and the politics of research, requires more attention in adult education research. We interpret adult education research as an institution, a regime of truth (Smith, 1987) that opens and/or forecloses possibilities for social transformation, with implications for academic practices and the democratization of knowledge.

This paper describes the results of two research projects, which were focused upon female students' historical understanding of feminism. In both cases the researchers found that the student participants harbored ambivalent or negative attitudes towards feminism and saw little connection between the present and feminist struggles in the past. While this attitude could be attributed to a wide range of variables, the authors illustrate that a focus upon the students' form of historical consciousness and theories of agency can explain the tendency to see a "gap" between past and present. This paper concludes with a call for further research into the interaction between historical thinking, historical consciousness, and theories of agency.

This article details our exploration of the ways in which gender, militarism, and learning intersect in war museums in Canada, England, and Europe. We outline our theoretical framework of feminist antimilitarism, grounded in adult education; discuss research about museums in general and war museums in particular; and, explain our methodology of feminist discourse analysis and visual analysis. We focus on an element that is typically not a central point of analysis in research about war museums: the pedagogical and gendered representation of civilians. Our findings indicate that civilians are underrepresented, in comparison to soldiers, in war museums, but that, when they are present, they are discursively constructed in ways that teach civilians to be part of the war machine by: leveraging civilian deaths, militarising civilians as soldiers, and stereotyping women civilians. We conclude with suggestions for museum directors, curators, and adult educators to work together to problematise how war is remembered.

In this article we explore the utility but also limitations of gender stereotyping lessons, a common undertaking by teachers introducing media analysis to youth. We document our collaboration with a Canadian high school teacher as she translated her understanding of critical media literacy into practice in a unit addressing questions about the gendered nature of pop music videos. Informed by feminist cultural studies, we explore challenges that arose when teaching about gender stereotyping. Factors that circumscribed deeper inquiry included (a) discussing whether media texts were unrealistic rather than focusing on meaning-making practices; (b) inattention to hidden yet active media texts that worked to sustain dominant meanings; (c) lack of access to counter-frames; (d) inattention to intersectionality so that gender was conflated with sex and sexuality, allowing heteronormativity to go unrecognized; and (e) the ambiguities of how sexual power operates in commercial pop culture, making it difficult for students to discern feminist parody.

This article focuses on the feminist design, content and pedagogical impact of a multi-media research exhibition I curated entitled "Disobedient women: Defiance, resilience and creativity past and present." Through the conceptual frameworks of feminist adult education and feminist exhibtionary praxis, I discuss the development and design of the exhibition and then share findings from a study that aimed to unearth the learning made possible for visitors by viewing the exhibition's stories and images. Findings show that as "Disobedient Women" instructed intentionally about gender injustice past and present, it made possible new interpretations, meaning making and cross-cultural connections; as the exhibition illustrated a deeply problematic gendered world its playfulness and beauty challenged assumptions about activism and feminism and encouraged hope and aesthetic agency. While important challenges and critiques were raised, I argue that intentional, participatory feminist exhibitions such as "Disobedient Women" are valuable processes of feminist adult education because they open up possibilities of seeing and thus knowing things differently and acting in the interests of gender justice and change.

In this reflective article, I explore a feminist dialogic pedagogy of inclusive education (IE) in the sociocultural context of my and my students' lived experience. I ask what a feminist dialogic pedagogy means to my students. The purpose of this article therefore is to advance knowledge about a feminist dialogic pedagogy in teacher education with a focus on the formation of students' critical consciousness of IE philosophy that is currently mandated by all Canadian provinces. My intention is to contribute to an evolving scholarship of feminist pedagogy in teacher education programmes with a grounded and creative understanding of teacher candidates' lived experience. The article argues that feminist dialogic pedagogy creates a space of inclusion for all students. Despite and across social differences, this pedagogy leads a conscious change among students, impacting their daily lives. Consequently, students successfully achieve their academic goals because they feel critically attentive to and conscious of their situated knowledge (Haraway, 1988, "Feminist Studies," vol. 14, pp. 575-599) in educational institutions.

I came to recognize the importance of story over the course of my master's degree. With the intention to diversify feminism, I explored the storied journeys of Indigenous and racialized immigrant women in Canada becoming activists. 'Becoming' is imperative to feminist activism, as Ahmed (2017) stated, "Feminism is DIY: A form of self-assembly" (p. 27). Politically, understanding how women have learned about and resisted against sexism, racism, and colonialism through their narratives has informed my praxis of feminism, decolonization, and allyship. Personally, my studies brought me to my own stories and storytelling, as a feminist activist and daughter of Vietnamese refugee 'Boat People'. I share how I came to read story, listen to story, and tell my own story.

In the Canadian province of Ontario, the early childhood education and care workforce continues to be undervalued, underpaid and burdened with challenging working conditions. Drawing on Fairclough and Lazar, this study employed a feminist critical discourse analysis to explore the discourses of care work present in the 2018 childcare platforms of three major parties: the Liberal Party, the New Democratic Party and the Progressive Conservative Party. This critical discourse analysis provided an opportunity to consider the absence and presence of early childhood education and care discourses in the election platforms, and the consequences this has for the advancement of the workforce. The findings indicate that the early childhood education and care workforce remained largely invisible in the 2018 childcare platforms. When present, educators were often constructed as components of the early childhood education and care system's stability. In addition, a discourse of 'maternal care burden' emerged in some platforms, which initially suggested progressive recognition of the gendered reality of care and care work for women in Ontario. However, the critical discourse analysis illuminates that the maternal-care-burden discourse, while suggesting that mothers are freed to enter the paid workforce, actually reinforces notions of care as women's work. As well, this discourse further marginalizes the early childhood education and care workforce by downloading one group's caring responsibilities to a new group of invisible carers -- early childhood educators. In light of these findings, the need to disrupt discourses that continue to devalue the early childhood education and care workforce is considered as researchers and advocates seek to assert care labour as an essential public responsibility and a critical concern in political dialogue.

This essay presents the adaptation of Team-Based Learning (TBL) for a course that uses ecofeminist approaches to environmental literature. Developed originally for use in professional programs, TBL's cornerstones are permanent learning teams, preparation, application, and timely assessment (Michaelsen, Knight, & Fink, 2002). I wanted my students to examine literature about nature and sustainability in a way that would inform their ecological practice in the future. In this essay, I discuss the practice of using TBL in the environmental literature classroom, a strategy that has produced noticeable positive engagement from my students, engendering intellectual engagement with literature, the environment, and ecofeminist theory and criticism. I outline how TBL has proved an effective teaching strategy in the environmental literature classroom, showing the model's value in a Humanities setting. I begin by detailing the goals of a course on women's environmental literature and ecofeminist theory. Second, I explain how I applied TBL strategies of student and teacher accountability to the course by using Readiness Assessment Tests (RATs) and assigning permanent teams of five to eight students for regular discussion and peer evaluation. Third, I discuss ways in which a TBL approach to teaching women's environmental literature encourages collaborative learning among students, and reflects the communal attitude that should be a part of ecofeminist learning and application. I also present students' assessments of their experiences in the TBL classroom, along with my own evaluation, concluding that although the TBL method is initially labour intensive for both students and teachers, it is an ideal teaching method as it encourages accountability, regular feedback, and practical application of course material.

A survey of alumni of two longstanding interdisciplinary secondary school environmental studies programs revealed that the vast majority of alumni reported being engaged in pro-environmental behaviours, which they attributed to participation in the programs five to twenty-three years prior. That finding in itself is worth sharing. Digging deeper, however, revealed that most reported behaviours were in the private rather than public sphere. Women alumni reported engaging in more household and marketplace-oriented behaviours. Further, a small number of men from the rural school expressed hostility towards environmental concerns using aggressively sexist and homophobic discourse. A feminist analysis takes into account structural forces such as patriarchy and neoliberalism to interpret the findings and illuminates gendered dimensions of pro- and anti-environmental behaviours.

As a faculty dean, I was constantly surprised over the years by the number of female academics who expressed reluctance to do my job. Why were they so reluctant? Why did they cite intense argument and personal criticism as significant deterrents? Focusing specifically on academic argument, and the crucial role of autonomy in academe, this paper will identify and explore two discursive orientations often found in university culture today that have the potential to limit autonomy. It is argued that their presence creates a peculiarly challenging environment for female academic leaders. Drawing on relevant philosophical literature and my own personal experience as a member of senior academic administration, the paper will examine the nature of the challenges entailed and the insights it may provide into females' reluctance to become academic leaders. Challenges notwithstanding, it is hoped that the personal perspective brought to bear on the discussion will encourage female academics to see beyond potential barriers and to pursue leadership as a realistic, worthy option in their professional lives.

Employment training services are provided for immigrants to integrate them into the Canadian labour market. Evaluated on short-term labour market outcomes, these programs typically focus on enhancing individuals' employability, while risking naturalizing and reproducing the dominant social and cultural order. "Entry to Hospitality Careers for Women" is a government-funded program based on a partnership between a community organization and a community college specialised in vocational training. Uniquely, this program aims to expand immigrant and refugee women's employment skills as well as their social and cultural spaces. A community-based partnership research project was conducted to explore how the program worked towards these goals. It finds that the program contributed to the personal development of the women, expanded their social space and enhanced their social and economic opportunities to varying degrees. It also points to a set of women-centered pedagogical and programming practices that were conductive to women's learning through the program. Firstly, as a partnership, the program leveraged the resources and expertise accrued in both the community organization and the community college. Secondly, while navigating institutional mandate, the program was oriented towards the needs of the women. Finally, the women-centered and care-based pedagogy was found to be of immediate influence on the program participants. Theoretically, this paper adds to feminist pedagogy by grounding it in the actual work of immigrant service workers, which defies any abstract attempt to fix it within the binary frame of social reproduction and transformation.

Sex workers have long served as muses for some of the world's best-known artists. Though we see these women, exposed in various states of undress, on the walls of many of the world's most famous museums, they remain relatively anonymous. Visitors who stop to read the panels accompanying these works are rarely encouraged to reflect on questions about how exploitation empowerment might be observed through an intersectional lens, the role of sex work in society today, and what the defiant or vulnerable expressions on these women's faces might tell us about their relationships to the artists wielding paintbrushes and a different kind of power. This article outlines a recent pedagogical experiment at the Art Gallery of Ontario in which a small group of former and current sex workers engaged in a feminist hack of the institution's European Modern galleries. Drawing on Hamington's (2004) feminist ethics of care, a key component of which is to highlight the experiences of "concrete others" so that they are "no longer known only as abstract agents who are interchangeable with any others" (Hamington, 2004, p. 43), the participants in this study critiqued the labels accompanying two works of art depicting sex workers, and imagined what could be written instead if those with real-life experience in the profession were to interpret these canvasses for the general public. While Hamington's assessment that "knowledge creates the potential for care" (p. 43) may be correct, we argue that special considerations must be taken when it comes to applying a feminist ethics of care to sex-worker populations.

This article discusses a feminist discourse analysis that explores the ways in which discourses of learning interact with discourses of militarism at four Canadian civilian universities named for military leaders. I discuss how this particular research topic became apparent to me and explore the current national context where it can be argued that Canada is exchanging an identity of a peace-making country for one of war-making. I examine literature that connects education with militarism, taking a feminist anti-militarist approach, and discuss issues relating to academic freedom in critiquing one's own institution. I explain my methodology and detail my findings, concluding that educators should continue to contest gendered militarism in higher education and society.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people have historically, and continue today to encounter barriers to accessing health services. This has been attributed to the well-documented heterosexism, homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia that shape all health and social institutions. In this paper, invitational theory offers insight into the challenges faced by a childbearing lesbian couple to access supportive health care, and sheds light on inequities faced by LGBT people when accessing health care in Canada. The author draws on critical feminist research and invitational concepts to build an understanding of four dimensions of this couple's access to supportive care. The invitational approach is combined with an explicitly critical stance to highlight gender and other relations of power, and to provide a theoretical rationale for incorporating invitational concepts into equity-related research, including a current application focused on improving LGBT home care access in the Canadian context. Given the deeply embedded structural inequities that hinder the creation of intentionally inviting environments for diverse groups, this research has implications both for shedding light on areas in need of health care access research, as well as for integrating invitational approaches that align with critical pedagogies into health care education.