Search

Importance: Occupation-based interventions are used during inpatient rehabilitation, and group models may enhance intervention delivery. However, little is known about the impact of occupation-based groups on patient outcomes., Objective: To examine the effect of an occupation-based group on patient outcome measures of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) skills over time and explore demographic differences among patients., Design: Longitudinal observational cohort study with four time points: preintervention, postintervention, 30-day follow-up, and 90-day follow-up., Setting: Tertiary hospital general rehabilitation ward., Participants: Inpatient adults age 18 or older recruited using consecutive sampling from those referred to the group., Intervention: The LifeSkills group, which focused on repetitive practice of meaningful occupation-based activities., Outcomes and Measures: Demographic data were obtained, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Goal Attainment Scaling, Lawton IADL scale, and a self-efficacy scale were administered at each data point., Results: Thirty people (21 women, 9 men; ages 35-91 yr) participated, with 5 lost to follow-up. A statistically significant increase in scores postintervention occurred on all measures and was also seen at 90-day follow-up for COPM occupational performance, satisfaction, and self-efficacy scores. Lawton IADL scale scores at follow-up were lower than those at preintervention and statistically significant. No significant differences were found for age and diagnosis., Conclusions and Relevance: Positive patient outcomes of goal achievement, occupational performance, satisfaction, and self-efficacy were seen at discharge, with evidence of sustainability over time. This could be a resource alternative for addressing skill retraining because people with different diagnoses and in different age groups benefited equally. What This Article Adds: Occupation-based group programs have encouraging application in general inpatient rehabilitation for addressing patient outcomes., (Copyright © 2022 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.)

Importance: Falls have a considerable physical and psychological impact on people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Occupational therapy practitioners require evidence to support the timely development of occupation-based programs that can be applied to fall prevention in daily life., Objective: To determine what is known about falls after SCI, including wheelchair users and people who are ambulatory, and to understand elements of fall prevention to be addressed by occupational therapy practitioners. We applied the Canadian Measure of Occupational Performance and Engagement to understand elements to be addressed in fall education and prevention with this population., Data Sources: We searched eight databases using the key words falls and spinal cord injury with no limit set on dates. Study Selection and Data Collection: Studies were included that reported on falls among adults with SCI and measured one or more of the following: incidence of falls, consequences of falls, contributing factors for falls, the person's experience of falls, and strategies to prevent falls., Findings: Thirty-five articles were included. The majority of the articles included information on the incidence (n = 20), consequences (n = 26), and contributing factors (n = 30) of falls. Two articles analyzed the person's experience of falls, and 1 study reviewed a fall prevention program for people with SCI specifically., Conclusions and Relevance: Research on participants' experience of falls and fall prevention programs used in spinal cord rehabilitation is extremely limited. Future research on the lived experience of falls for people with SCI is warranted. What This Article Adds: This review of evidence on falls after SCI highlights gaps in the current available evidence., (Copyright © 2021 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.)