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Naturally protected by its distance from most migrant routes and with a long undefended border with the U.S., a parliamentary system capable of responding rapidly to problems, and a small legal and even smaller illegal immigrant population, Canada has experimented with novel immigration policies to encourage and control its population increase. (RDN)

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Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Immigration policies and their management in a country like Canada have long been an interesting and instructive study for other countries. With borders naturally protected by great distance from almost all migrant routes; with a long, undefended border with the United States and a further 3,000 km to its border on the south; with a parliamentary system capable of comparatively rapid legislative and administrative responses to problems; and with a relatively small legal, and even smaller illegal population, Canada has historically "experimented" with novel, often quite creative, immigration policies and programs to both encourage and control the increases in its population. This article presents a summarized version of what Canada did and is doing in response to an important item of public policy - the entry and presence of illegal migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the incidence of inflammatory arthritis and autoantibody prevalence in Indigenous North American people., Methods: Unaffected relatives of Indigenous North Americans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from central Canada and Alaska were systematically monitored from 2005 to 2017. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) were tested at every visit, and a subset was tested for ACPA fine specificity using a custom multiplex assay. Multistate models based on all available study visits were developed to determine the likelihood of transitioning between autoantibody states, or to inflammatory arthritis., Results: Eighteen of 374 relatives (4.8%) developed inflammatory arthritis during follow-up (after a mean ± SD of 4.7 ± 2.4 years), yielding a transition rate of 9.2 cases/1,000 person-years. Thirty percent of those who developed inflammatory arthritis were seronegative at baseline, but all were seropositive at inflammatory arthritis onset. Although 30% of ACPA/RF double-seropositive individuals developed inflammatory arthritis (after 3.2 ± 2.2 years), the majority of these individuals did not develop inflammatory arthritis. Multistate modeling indicated a 71% and 68% likelihood of ACPA and RF seropositive states, respectively, reverting to a seronegative state after 5 years, and a 39% likelihood of an ACPA/RF double-seropositive state becoming seronegative. Fine specificity testing demonstrated an expansion of the ACPA repertoire prior to the development of inflammatory arthritis., Conclusion: Despite a high incidence of inflammatory arthritis in this cohort of at-risk relatives of Indigenous North Americans with RA, a large proportion of autoantibody-positive individuals do not develop inflammatory arthritis and revert back to an autoantibody-negative state., (© 2019, American College of Rheumatology.)

Context: Interest in CAM and mind-body therapies (MBT) among mental health professionals has increased over the last decade. Individuals seeking treatment for mental health concerns often use MBTs and expect clinicians to be aware of such treatments. Yet, current data reveal a critical gap in training, practice, and the needs of those seeking treatment., Objective: To determine the attitudes, beliefs, and practices of marriage and family therapists regarding MBTs., Design: Electronic survey method using Likert-type scale questions., Participants: Clinical faculty members and graduate students (N = 140) from accredited Marriage and Family Therapy programs in the United States and Canada., Results: Findings revealed that a majority of respondents believed that graduate programs should introduce MBT topics during course of training and that MBTs are valuable in the treatment of various clinical problems. Respondents were familiar with at least one form of MBT and reported using such in personal and professional settings., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We examined the distribution of non-B27 alleles of the HLA-B locus among B27+ patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), to detect any additional HLA-B locus allele(s) that may act in conjunction with B27 to increase susceptibility to AS. HLA-Bw60 (or B40 when the Bw60,61 split of B40 was not typed for) was shown to be increased among B27+ AS patients in each of 5 independent data sets. This increase was statistically significant in 4 of the 5 data sets studied, and the overall significance was P less than 0.00001. Susceptibility to AS in B27+ individuals was further increased by a factor of approximately 3 when Bw60 was also present. The distribution of HLA-A alleles on the B27-bearing haplotypes in AS patients was not significantly different from that in normal controls. On the other hand, the distribution of HLA-A alleles on Bw60-bearing haplotypes was significantly different from the distribution of A alleles on Bw60 haplotypes in the general population (P less than 0.0005). Bw60 was not increased in B27- patients with AS. A dominant mode of inheritance generally fits AS; however, our sib pair analysis indicates that the B27,Bw60 disease subgroup follows a more recessive mode of inheritance.