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In order to promote Canadian students' mobility to China, it is essential to understand their motivations to study in Chinese universities because it influences their learning experiences. Through the application of the push-pull model as a conceptual framework (Altbach, 1998; Mazzarol & Soutar, 2002), this study explores the factors that motivate Canadian exchange students to study in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 non-Chinese spoken Canadian exchange students from 9 universities. The findings reveal that both push and pull factors affect students' decisions to study in China. The key push factors are learning the Chinese language and culture and personal growth; the primary pull factors are China's potential for economic development, future opportunities, and the availability of exchange programs. This study provides stakeholders with insights into designing exchange programs targeted to students' needs and developing marketing strategies to attract Canadian international students. [Note: The publication year (2024) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct publication year for this article is 2023.]

The vast coastline provides Canada with a flourishing seafood industry including bivalve shellfish production. To sustain a healthy bivalve molluscan shellfish production, the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program was established to monitor the health of shellfish harvesting habitats, and fecal coliform bacteria data have been collected at nearly 15,000 marine sample sites across six coastal provinces in Canada since 1979. We applied Functional Principal Component Analysis and subsequent correlation analyses to find annual variation patterns of bacteria levels at sites in each province. The overall magnitude and the seasonality of fecal contamination were modelled by functional principal component one and two, respectively. The amplitude was related to human and warm-blooded animal activities; the seasonality was strongly correlated with river discharge driven by precipitation and snow melt in British Columbia, but such correlation in provinces along the Atlantic coast could not be properly evaluated due to lack of data during winter. • Sparse fecal pollution data were collected across ~15,000 sites along Canada's coast. • Longitudinal geospatial distributions of bacterial levels over decades were studied. • Functional Principal Component Analysis revealed two major annual patterns. • Human and wild-life activities related to the geospatial bacterial amplitudes. • River discharge and precipitation related to the temporal changes of fecal bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]