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In British West African and Caribbean colonies in the 1930s fascism felt urgently close to people's lived reality. Grappling with the nature of fascism, by comparing it with their lived reality under colonialism, became a site of critical intellectual debate. Yet genealogies of ideas about fascism have overwhelmingly tended to historicise and theorise fascism's intellectual history from Europe. Histories that include arguments about fascism by colonised people nevertheless leave the impression that these debates occurred primarily among a few intellectuals living in metropolitan spaces, rather than in the colonies themselves. By mining newspapers as sites of intellectual debate, this article shows that questions about the relationship between colonialism and fascism encompassed broad plebeian and intellectual participants in a range of spaces. Their debate revises our intellectual genealogy of fascism by confirming that anti-colonialism was foundational to anti-fascism. It also revises our understanding of fascism. The embodied knowledge articulated by colonised peoples helps decipher fascism as excess by reconfiguring the very relationship between fascism and other political ideologies from one of polarities to one of proximity. When fascism is viewed from the perspective of colonised peoples, the base and root from which its excess springs comes into sharper relief [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a long-standing historiography that the plantation system of the American South and the British West Indies was inimical to urbanization. If we focus on towns in the Lower South and the West Indies, however, rather than the Chesapeake, we see urbanization as central to plantation development. The slave trade was vital to this urbanization, forming the dynamic trade that allowed for entrepreneurial decision making. It allowed towns like Kingston, Charleston, and Bridgetown to become more than shipping points. They became places of deep linkages between different economic sectors. In addition, they had an independent, autonomous existence in which growth was endogenous and in which people found multiple opportunities for wealth creation and the pursuit of pleasure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV has created health and socio-economic challenges for Caribbean societies. The HIV prevalence in the Caribbean is high and rates second to that of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the main barriers affecting interventions in the Caribbean is the pervasiveness of stigma and discrimination against persons living with HIV (PLHIV) and marginalized groups. This paper will focus on how theory can be used by social workers, including social workers in the Caribbean, in their work with PLHIV. Initiatives taken within social work education to prepare social workers to adequately address HIV-related stigma and discrimination are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study of the HMSRomney, the British Royal Navy ship stationed in Havana from 1837 to 1845. The ship housed Africans awaiting the verdict of the trials of the Havana Mixed Commission Court for the Suppression of the Slave Trade. It highlights the controversies and discussions which were generated by the presence of the ship, and how they relate to the wider political scene that Robert L. Paquette has aptly described as a “conflict between empires over slavery in Cuba.” Not only was the ship a potent symbol of British abolitionism and a platform upon which ideological battles played out, but it was ultimately seen as a threat to the prevailing hegemonic order in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses white planters of the British West Indies' efforts to attract Chinese indentured labourers to address labour shortages following the emancipation of slaves during the first half of the 19th century, including in regard to their refusal to pay free blacks higher wages to work on their plantations. The economic implications for the British Empire's imperial policy towards labour are discussed.

This article examines a variety of texts produced by the French and English colonists of the island of St Kitts in the 17th and 18th centuries and presents a new perspective on European settlement in the Caribbean. By placing these texts in dialogue with one another, it discusses the extent to which these competing imperial projects resembled and differed from one another in the era of slavery.

This paper offers a personal reflection on 50 years of independence in the Commonwealth Caribbean. It critiques the Westminster model as part of a larger ‘independence pact’ designed to maintain the status quo in the English-speaking Caribbean, and assesses the major challenges facing the region today. It argues for a broader conceptualisation of sovereignty and calls for the invention of a new Caribbean democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The arrival in the Caribbean region of the electronic telegraph in the second half the 19thcentury and the rise of the competing wireless radio technology half a century later, provide a backdrop against which the article analyses the emergence of Caribbean media networks, ranging from telegrammes via Morse Code to digital telecommunications providers, and from an amateur radio channel to a public broadcasting network within the 20thcentury. Specifically, the arc of analysis in this article encompasses how the West India and Panama Telegraph Company (WIPTC), founded in 1869, eventually became Cable and Wireless, the modern transnational telecommunications corporation. It also explores the growth of ZQI, a wartime amateur shortwave radio service initially established in Jamaica in 1939. Acquired by the British Rediffusion Group, ZQI was later nationalised by the Jamaican government and has now become one of the Caribbean's leading media conglomerates, called the Radio Jamaica Rediffusion (RJR) Group. The article is based on historical research into the foundations of Caribbean media, conducted over several decades. It includes hitherto unpublished research data compiled by the author from archival records in the UK's Public Records Office (PRO) and from within Jamaica's national archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explains the constitutional provisions which establish the Commission and examine the powers granted to the Commission to review the number and boundaries of constituencies into which the countries of the Commonwealth Caribbean are divided. Second, it examines the powers and functions of the Commission and explain the process for effecting the recommendations of the Commission after it has deliberated on its constitutional mandate. Third, it explores aspects of judicial review of decisions relating to the Commission by examining the leading cases in the Commonwealth Caribbean where such issues have been explored. Fourth, the grounds on which decisions found in the report of the Commission have been challenged in various cases are examined in light of the common law principles applicable to each ground of judicial review. Fifth, the article analyses the principles which should guide the Commission in the process of delimiting the number and boundaries of constituencies into which the country is divided, namely: the foundational principle of equality of votes based on population; and the requirement of effective representation, and participation as a requirement for democracy. These principles are examined in the context of decisions from the Commonwealth Caribbean against the backdrop of cases from the Commonwealth that have provided guidance on their application. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper focuses on my experience as a teacher working with immigrant kindergarten-aged children and their parents on a small island in the British West Indies, seeking to understand the role of family and culture in literacy development. This is a case study of three students and their parents/guardians which uses a qualitative methodology from an ethnographic perspective to illuminate the findings. I used interviews, artifacts, and my observations of the students and families in their primary learning environment, the home, and at school. My research findings support the argument that literacy development is a social practice; additionally, literacy serves a unique purpose to the family unit. Their experiences with literacies reflect their cultural identities and the value they place on its role in as an agent of change. The findings have implications for pedagogical practices and policy formulation in early childhood classrooms across the Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses race relations, the abolition of slavery, and ethnocentrism in the Cayman Islands from 1834 to 1840. It examines the practice of apprenticeships for freed slaves in the British West Indies, the release from apprenticeship of former slaves in the Cayman Islands by the British government, and conditional emancipation in the Cayman Islands. The article also discusses how Cayman elites incited racial tensions, stipendiary magistrate Robert Thompson, and racism in the Cayman Islands.

An essay is presented that discusses the profitability of the West India trade in Glasgow, Scotland from 1779 to 1867, noting the role of slavery and imperialism in funding Scotland's industrial revolution. Topics include the plantation businesses owned by Archibald Smith, James Smith, and the firm Leitch & Smith, the connection of Glasgow to Caribbean area plantations, and economist Adam Smith's view that the British West Indies took wealth from Great Britain.

Abstract: A pre-Columbian (ca. AD 500–1500) fishery baseline is established for Anguilla, British West Indies from analyses of the remains of captured fishes from five archaeological sites. The zooarchaeological fishery baseline shows pre-Columbian communities captured diverse fishes, many of which are vulnerable to overexploitation. Composition of the captured fish community varies by site underscoring the potential importance of including samples from sites located adjacent to different marine habitats. Analyses of abundance–biomass relationships, community trophic structure, fish size and taxonomic composition indicate the Anguillian pre-Columbian fishery and coral reef ecosystem was healthy and sustainable. By providing a thorough baseline of Amerindian use of fishes on Anguilla, we provide a foundation that aids researchers asking questions about long-term change in Caribbean coral reef fisheries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents an overview of the scientific and popular opinions of tropical climate in the Caribbean region between 1750 to 1950, highlighting the way in which perception of its effects shifted from negative to positive. Issues addressed include the impact of the region's changing environmental conditions, the social relations and politics of tourism, and shifting trends in medical science over the centuries. Conceptual extensions are offered noting how the case showcases the cultural construction of climate.

Si la Federation des Caraibes fut un echec, elle ne marqua toutefois pas l'arret de la cooperation et de l'integration regionales. Les pays caribeens membres du Commonwealth sont au cœur d'un complexe reseau d'echanges et de partenariats, qui depasse leur propre groupe et s'etend aux pays non anglophones de la zone et aux dependances europeennes. L'auteur analyse l'evolution des processus d'integration, a travers le Caricom, l'Organisation des Etats de la Caraibe orientale et l'Association des Etats de la Caraibe, et evalue la place des pays membres du Commonwealth dans une region aux heritages multiples. La comparaison avec l'Union europeenne et l'analyse de l'approche britannique de l'integration soulignent les specificites des facteurs geopolitiques et identitaires, des methodes et des avancees des pays du Commonwealth caribeen, dans le contexte de la mondialisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three sediment cores from North Sound lagoon provide a continuous record of environmental changes (atmospheric moisture and temperature) that have affected Grand Cayman, British West Indies, over the last ~6000 years. Changes in the facies and carbonate components indicate a transition from fresh-brackish-water coastal ponds to a fully marine environment, which coincided with global sea level rise ~2000 years ago. Variations in ∑REE + Y (4 to 45 ppm), Ti (6 to 71 ppm), and Fe (284 to 11,783 ppm) concentrations in these sediments reflect past changes in atmospheric moisture. Sea surface temperatures inferred from δ18O values of the sediments provide a record of past temperature fluctuations relative to the present-day average of 28 °C for North Sound. This includes two cool-dry periods (CD1 and CD2) from ~3850 to 1280 BCE and ~480 to 800 CE, two mild-wet periods (MW1 and MW2) from ~1280 to 200 BCE and ~1850 to 1980 CE, one warm-dry period (WD1) from ~200 BCE to 480 CE, and one cool-wet (CW1) period from ~800 to 1850 CE. These patterns are consistent with records from elsewhere in the Caribbean region. Accordingly, during MW1, CW1A, and MW2 the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) was in a northern position and/or the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was in a negative phase, resulting in increased atmospheric moisture and elevated temperatures. In contrast, CD1, WD1, and CD2, resulted from a southern position of the ITCZ and/or a positive phase of the NAO, resulting in low temperatures and decreased atmospheric moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]