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Desertification is a consequence of a number of important processes occurring in arid and semi-arid conditions. As a rule, the process of desertification of the territory of Kazakhstan and Central Asia is considered in connection with the changes that occurred in its geological periods. The article discusses the problems of desertification and measures to prevent it, since the desert zone occupies most of the territory of Kazakhstan. Thus, it is one of the most susceptible regions of the world to desertification. In our research work, we analyzed the main features of the desert and semi-desert zones of Kazakhstan, the spatial distribution of the sensitivity to desertification of the territories of Kazakhstan, the processes of the history of formation, the negative consequences of desertification and measures to prevent desertification processes. The results of the analysis that most of the territory of Kazakhstan, especially in densely populated southern and western regions, has a large number of desert and semi-desert lands, while these regions are prone to desertification. As can be seen from the discussion of the negative consequences of desertification, desertification and drought in Kazakhstan cause not only environmental, but also economic and social problems. We also noticed that although measures to prevent desertification in Kazakhstan were well applied in Soviet times, little time has been devoted to this issue since independence. However, the results of the differentiation of materials show that over the past ten years a number of measures to combat desertification at the international and state levels have begun in Kazakhstan. One of the urgent problems identified in the article is the incomplete implementation or suspension of some projects to prevent desertification in Kazakhstan, a phenomenon that requires further in-depth study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]