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The Arabian Sea significantly impacts the global climate due to its hosting of one of the largest sedimentary bodies in the Modern Ocean basin and thickest oxygen minimum zone. It makes the study of fine-scale evolutionary changes in the Arabian Sea imperative to address the ongoing challenges in developing a strong and cohesive model for predicting rapid climate change in the future. Therefore, this study carried out environmental magnetic, grain size, stable isotope, total organic carbon (TOC), trace elements (TE), and rare earth elements (REE) investigations on a well-dated 2.68 m long sediment core from the eastern Arabian Sea to understand the fluctuation in monsoon and non-monsoon-driven sediment supply and associated primary productivity changes during the late Quaternary. The careful observations of chronological changes in the investigated parameters concerning coeval major global events enabled us to successfully identify the response of major global climatic events that occurred around 42.8–28 ka, 17 ka, 14.5 ka, 11.7 ka, 9.7 ka, 8.2 ka, 4.6–3.9, and 2–0.6 ka. These global events also played a crucial role in co-regulating the water column oxygen conditions in the Arabian Sea. Comparing our record with a sedimentary record from off Chennai, Bay of Bengal, suggests that opposite variations (anti-phasing) between southwest (SW) monsoon and northeast (NE) monsoon is a post-25 ka phenomenon. Pre-25 ka SW and NE monsoon showed similar variations (same phase), and we speculate that this anti-phasing between the SW and NE monsoon was cyclically driven by the earth's axial precession cycle. • Western Deccan trap basalt has been the predominant source of sediments in the southeastern Arabian Sea. • A possibly significant vertical expansion of OMZ occurred in the Arabian Sea during the 28–42.8 ka period. • Around the HS1 event (∼ 17 ka), high offshore productivity was associated with the "low-latitude dusty event." • The climate cooling started around YD and reached a cooling maximum and a SW monsoon minimum during the 8.2 Ka event. • The SW and NE monsoons exhibited a coupled behaviour before 25 ka, but after that point, they showed decoupled behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]